坚持健康的植物性饮食与普通人群更好的嗅觉功能相关——来自南蒂罗尔合作健康研究（CHRIS）的发现。

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 嗅觉功能障碍与老年人全因死亡率增加相关，并且是大脑衰老的早期指标。不同的生活方式因素和健康状况决定嗅觉功能，然而关于饮食质量与嗅觉功能关联的知识有限。方法：我们在一项普通人群研究中，使用南蒂罗尔合作健康研究（CHRIS）6690名参与者的横断面数据，调查了各种饮食模式与嗅觉功能以及嗅觉减退之间的关联。我们通过GA2LEN半定量食物频率问卷评估自我报告的膳食摄入，并据此推导出五种已建立的饮食模式指数（2010年替代健康饮食指数、地中海饮食指数、植物性饮食指数、健康植物性饮食指数、不健康植物性饮食指数），以及各种食物类别。嗅觉功能通过Sniffin' Sticks气味识别测试测量，该测试使我们能够以评分≤12/16确定嗅觉减退。结果：拟合多变量有序和逻辑回归模型，以研究每种饮食模式、食物类别与嗅觉之间的关联。对所有健康饮食模式的更高依从性与更好的嗅觉功能和更低的嗅觉减退率均相关，而不健康植物性饮食则观察到相反的结果。具体而言，水果、蔬菜、咖啡和茶的较高摄入量与这两个结局均呈有益关联。结论：对富含植物性食物的健康饮食模式的更高依从性与更好的嗅觉功能和更低的嗅觉减退率相关。

英文摘要

Olfactory dysfunction is associated with increased all-cause mortality among older adults and an early indicator of brain aging. Different lifestyle factors and health conditions determine olfactory function, however, there is limited knowledge on the association with diet quality. We investigated the association between various dietary patterns and olfactory function, as well as hyposmia, in a general population study using cross-sectional data from 6690 participants of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. We assessed self-reported dietary intake through the GA2LEN semi-quantitative Food Frequency questionnaire, which was used to derive five established dietary pattern indices (Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, Mediterranean diet index, Plant-based dietary index, Healthy Plant-based dietary index, Unhealthy plant-based dietary index), as well as various food groups. Olfactory function was measured through the Sniffin'Sticks odor identification test, which allowed us to determine hyposmia with a score ≤12/16. Multivariable ordinal and logistic regression models were fitted to investigate associations between each dietary pattern, food groups, and olfaction. Higher adherence to all healthy dietary patterns was associated with both, better olfactory function and lower rates of hyposmia, while the opposite was observed for the unhealthy plant-based diet. Specifically, higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, coffee, and tea was beneficially associated with both outcomes. Higher adherence to healthy dietary patterns that are rich in plant-based foods was associated with better olfactory function and lower rates of hyposmia.