前喉微小蹼与声带小结之间的关联：一项病例对照研究。

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 本研究旨在确定先天性前喉微小蹼是否与声带小结（VFN）相关，并评估其在诊断为VFN的患者中的患病率以及Paulo Pontes所描述的多发性声带微小结构改变（MSAs）的共存情况。
方法： 对2012年至2024年间评估的患者进行了一项回顾性病例对照研究。病例组共纳入99例VFN患者。对照组共纳入649例，描述为无VFN的患者。计算了比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
结果： 微小蹼的患病率在病例组中为16%（16/99），在对照组中为5%（36/649）。在调整了性别、诊断时年龄、吸烟状况、其他喉部微小改变的共存、哮喘、鼻炎、胃食管反流和职业用声后，观察到喉微小蹼病史与VFN发生之间存在关联（OR 4.14；95% CI 1.82-9.39）。在96例MSAs患者中，11例（11%）出现了一种以上的改变。
结论： 这是第一项尝试通过病例对照设计控制潜在混杂因素的研究，证实了前喉微小蹼与VFN之间的关联。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether congenital anterior laryngeal microweb is associated with vocal fold nodules (VFN), and to assess its prevalence in patients diagnosed with VFN and the coexistence of multiple minor structural alterations of the vocal cords (MSAs) as described by Paulo Pontes.
METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in patients evaluated between 2012 and 2024. A total of 99 patients with VFN were included in the case group. A total of 649 were included in the control group, described as patients without VFN. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: The prevalence of microweb was 16% (16/99) in cases and 5% (36/649) in controls. After adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, smoking status, coexistence of other minor laryngeal alterations, asthma, rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and professional voice use, an association was observed (OR 4.14; 95% CI 1.82-9.39) between a history of laryngeal microweb and the development of VFN. Among the 96 patients with MSAs, 11 (11%) presented more than one alteration.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study to attempt to control for potential confounding through a case-control design, confirming the association between anterior laryngeal microweb and VFN.