嗅觉和味觉障碍者中跨模态对食物感知的影响：一项初步研究。

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 患有嗅觉和味觉障碍（SATDs）的个体在多个方面生活质量下降，其中一个核心因素是他们无法欣赏食物的风味，从而进食体验不够满足。另外，已有研究表明食物感知可受到嗅觉和味觉之外的其他感官影响。因此，本研究的目的是探讨改变食物呈现方式是否会影响SATDs患者对食物的感知。
方法： 自我认定为嗅觉丧失的参与者（n=33）完成了标准化的嗅觉阈值测试，随后进行食物品尝测试，其中不同食物以三种不同模态（视觉-颜色、形状-食物形状、声音-音乐情绪）食用，并对享乐和感官维度进行评分。我们还使用嗅觉障碍问卷（ODQ）测量了嗅觉丧失的影响。
结果： 在每个模态内，当食物以不同方式呈现时，我们未发现享乐和感官评分存在明确差异的证据。相反，定性研究结果显示，自从失去嗅觉后，个体使进食更愉快的常见做法是使用不同的食物质地和额外的香草/香料。
结论： 据我们所知，这是第一项研究SATDs患者的食物体验是否可以通过使用不同模态来影响。研究结果揭示了定量和定性数据之间的差异，这表明需要更精心设计的研究来检测效应。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVES: Individuals living with Smell and Taste Disorders (SATDs) have a reduced quality of life in a number of different ways with one central factor being their inability to appreciate food flavour and thereby have a less fulfilling eating experience. Separately, it has been demonstrated that the perception of food can be influenced by senses beyond smell and taste. The aim of the current study was therefore to explore whether altering the way in which food is presented, influences its perception for those with SATDs.
METHODS: Participants (n = 33) who self-identified as living with smell loss, completed a standardised olfactory threshold test, followed by a food taste test where different foods were consumed in three different modalities (Vision-colour, Shape-food shape, Sound-music mood) and ratings made on hedonic and sensory dimensions. We also measured the impact of smell loss using the Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ).
RESULTS: Within each modality, we found no clear evidence for contrasts in hedonic and sensory ratings, when food was presented differently. In contrast, the qualitative findings revealed that since losing their sense of smell, the most common practice for individuals to make eating food more enjoyable was the use of different food texture and additional herbs/spices.
CONCLUSION: As far as we are aware, this is the first study to examine whether food experience for those with SATDs can be influenced by using different modalities. The findings revealed a difference between the quantitative and qualitative data which suggests that more carefully designed studies are needed to detect effects.