马耳他过敏性鼻炎儿童的气传过敏原致敏：对诊断组合优化的意义。
Aeroallergen Sensitisation in Maltese Children with Allergic Rhinitis: Implications for Diagnostic Panel Optimisation.
文献信息
| PMID | 42815857 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Jonathan Sammut |
| 作者单位 | Department of ENT, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Jonathan.Sammut@wales.nhs.uk. |
| 期刊 | Respiratory medicine |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 3.6 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
背景： 过敏性鼻炎（AR）在马耳他儿童中很常见，但国家卫生服务内的气传过敏原检测历来依赖未针对当地环境验证的进口检测组合。需要国家特异性的致敏数据来优化诊断效率并支持未来过敏服务的发展。
目的： 描述马耳他AR儿童的气传过敏原致敏模式，并开发一个当地相关的探索性一线气传过敏原检测组合。
方法： 在这项横断面单中心研究中，从国家儿科呼吸与过敏诊所招募了2-16岁、症状符合AR的儿童。使用血清特异性IgE对扩展气传过敏原组合进行评估，该组合参考了当地空气生物学、地中海数据和GA2LEN组合。计算了致敏率及其95%置信区间。采用条件逐步法确定检测≥95%致敏儿童所需的最小过敏原集合。
结果： 共纳入51名儿童，其中38名（74.5%）对至少一种气传过敏原致敏。屋尘螨（Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/farinae）是主要过敏原（64.7%），其次是猫（39.2%）、Parietaria（25.4%）和橄榄（23.5%）。各过敏原组的致敏率随年龄增长而增加。三种过敏原（D. pteronyssinus、猫和橄榄）可识别≥95%的致敏儿童。解释受限于样本量小和来自单一三级儿科诊所的招募。
结论： 这项探索性研究确定了一种以屋尘螨和地中海花粉为主的致敏谱。研究结果为一个当地相关的一线检测组合和一个候选最小过敏原组合的制定提供了信息，后者需要在常规临床或流行病学实施前进行前瞻性验证。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is common in Maltese children, yet aeroallergen testing within the national health service has historically relied on imported panels not validated for the local environment. Country-specific sensitisation data are required to optimise diagnostic efficiency and support future allergy service development.
OBJECTIVE: To characterise aeroallergen sensitisation patterns in Maltese children with AR and develop a locally relevant exploratory first-line aeroallergen testing panel.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional single-centre study, children aged 2-16 years with symptoms consistent with AR were recruited from the national paediatric respiratory and allergy clinic. Sensitisation was assessed using serum specific IgE to an extended aeroallergen panel informed by local aerobiology, Mediterranean data, and the GA2LEN panel. Sensitisation rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A conditional stepwise approach was used to identify the minimum allergen set required to detect ≥95% of sensitised children.
RESULTS: Fifty-one children were included, of whom 38 (74.5%) were sensitised to at least one aeroallergen. House dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/farinae) was the predominant allergen (64.7%), followed by cat (39.2%), Parietaria (25.4%), and olive (23.5%). Sensitisation rates increased with age across allergen groups. Three allergens (D. pteronyssinus, cat, and olive) identified ≥95% of sensitised children. Interpretation is limited by the small sample size and recruitment from a single tertiary paediatric clinic.
CONCLUSION: This exploratory study identified a sensitisation profile dominated by house dust mite and Mediterranean pollens. The findings informed development of a locally relevant first-line testing panel and a candidate minimum allergen battery requiring prospective validation before routine clinical or epidemiological implementation.