成年距翅雁（Plectropterus gambensis）的呼吸器官：大体解剖学与形态计量学

文献信息

中文摘要

本研究描述了成年距翅雁（Plectropterus gambensis）呼吸器官的大体形态特征与形态计量学特点，该雁是尼日利亚苏丹-萨赫勒湿地的一种留鸟水禽。为此使用十只经伦理途径获得的成年鸟，包括五只雄性和五只雌性。安乐死后采用标准化大体解剖技术检查呼吸内脏。成对的裂隙状鼻孔开口位于上喙基部的背外侧。鼻腔被鼻中隔分为两个相等的半部，由吻侧前庭区和较宽的尾侧区组成，后者含有鼻甲，每个鼻甲具有独特的形态轮廓。喉头（颅侧喉）呈现成对的背侧杓状软骨和一个尾侧环状软骨，其上覆以喉丘。雄性气管平均长度为34.72 ± 0.87 cm，包含138-146个气管环。雌性气管长度为31.42 ± 0.74 cm，包含136-142个气管环。鸣管为气管支气管型。初级支气管呈现C形软骨。成对的鲜红色肺呈三角形、海绵状，其表面因与邻近结构接触而显示出压迹。肺外初级支气管和肺血管经腹侧肺门区进入肺。本研究建立了距翅雁的首个正常呼吸系统基线，填补了鸟类比较解剖学的一项关键空白。研究结果还支持热带湿地适应性研究，并为兽医提供了一种实用的诊断工具。

英文摘要

The present study describes the gross morphological features and morphometric characteristics of the respiratory apparatus of adult Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus gambensis), a resident waterfowl species of the Sudano-Sahelian wetlands of Nigeria. Ten ethically obtained adult birds comprising five males and five females were used for this purpose. A standardized gross dissection technique was employed following euthanasia to examine the respiratory viscera. The paired slit-like openings of the nostrils were dorsolateral at the base of the upper beak. The nasal cavity was divided into two equal halves by the nasal septum and consisted of a rostral vestibular region and a broader caudal region containing the nasal conchae, each with a distinct morphological outline. The cranial larynx presented a paired dorsal arytenoid cartilage and a caudal cricoid cartilage capped by the laryngeal mound. The mean length of the trachea in males was 34.72 ± 0.87 cm comprising 138-146 tracheal rings. In females, the trachea measured 31.42 ± 0.74 cm and contained 136-142 tracheal rings. The syrinx was tracheobronchial type. The primary bronchi presented C-shaped cartilages. The paired bright red lungs were triangular shaped, spongy and displayed impressions on their surfaces from contact with adjacent structures. The extrapulmonary primary bronchi and pulmonary vessels entered the lungs through the ventral hilar region. This study establishes the first normal respiratory baseline for the spur-winged goose, filling a critical gap in avian comparative anatomy. The findings also support research on tropical wetland adaptations and provide a practical diagnostic tool for veterinarians.