老年性耳聋与认知功能之间的关联：老年人中的影响因素
Association between presbycusis and cognitive function: contributing factors in older adult.
文献信息
| PMID | 42812415 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Duo Wei |
| 作者单位 | Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China. |
| 期刊 | Frontiers in molecular neuroscience |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 4.9 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 耳科 |
中文摘要
背景与目的： 本横断面研究探讨了老年人中老年性耳聋（PC）与认知功能之间的关联，并确定了影响认知表现的因素。
材料与方法： 共纳入126名参与者（≥60岁），包括58名PC患者和68名听力正常的对照者。使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）评估认知功能。统计分析包括t检验、卡方检验、Spearman相关分析和二元logistic回归。
结果： 两组MMSE评分均随年龄显著下降（PC组：r = -0.585；对照组：r = -0.572，均p < 0.001）。在PC组中，较低的MMSE评分与较高的纯音平均听阈（r = -0.563，p < 0.01）和较差的言语识别（r = 0.365，p = 0.01）相关。Logistic回归确定较高教育程度是认知障碍的独立保护因素（OR = 0.162，95% CI：0.031-0.842，p = 0.021），而更严重的听力损失程度（OR = 1.083，95% CI：1.001-1.172，p = 0.046）和更长的听力损失持续时间（OR = 0.778，95% CI：0.646-0.937，p = 0.008）与认知障碍的几率增加相关。年龄和性别不显著。
结论： 更严重的听力损失程度、较差的言语识别和更长的听力损失持续时间与较低的认知功能相关，而较高教育程度具有保护作用。这些发现支持老年人听觉与认知健康之间的密切相互关系，提示早期听力学评估和听力康复可能有助于认知健康，但因果关系需要纵向验证。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between presbycusis (PC) and cognitive function in older adults and identified factors influencing cognitive performance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 126 participants ( ≥ 60 years) were enrolled, including 58 with PC and 68 controls with normal hearing. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, Spearman's correlation, and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: MMSE scores declined significantly with age in both groups (PC: r = -0.585; control: r = -0.572, both p < 0.001). In the PC group, lower MMSE scores correlated with higher pure-tone average (r = -0.563, p < 0.01) and poorer speech recognition (r = 0.365, p = 0.01). Logistic regression identified higher education as an independent protective factor against cognitive impairment (OR = 0.162, 95% CI: 0.031-0.842, p = 0.021), whereas greater hearing loss severity (OR = 1.083, 95% CI: 1.001-1.172, p = 0.046) and longer hearing loss duration (OR = 0.778, 95% CI: 0.646-0.937, p = 0.008) were associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment. Age and sex were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Greater hearing loss severity, poorer speech recognition, and longer hearing loss duration are associated with lower cognitive function, while higher education is protective. These findings support the close interrelationship between auditory and cognitive health in older adults, suggesting that early audiological assessment and hearing rehabilitation may aid cognitive health, though causality requires longitudinal validation.