耳鸣的听力学评估：整合当代临床实践与国际指南建议

文献信息

中文摘要

耳鸣的听力学评估已从以心理声学评估为主，发展为整合听觉、情绪、认知、功能及生活质量因素的综合、以患者为中心的流程。当代国际指南强调详细的病史采集、全面的听力评估、使用经过验证的结局指标如耳鸣功能指数，并筛查听觉过敏、心理困扰、睡眠障碍及其他共病。虽然心理声学测量对于表征耳鸣和制定治疗计划有价值，但它们并非耳鸣严重程度的可靠指标。有效的评估应识别治疗目标、支持适当的转诊，并为个性化、循证化的耳鸣管理奠定基础。

英文摘要

Audiologic assessment of tinnitus has evolved from a predominantly psychoacoustic evaluation to a comprehensive, patient-centered process that integrates auditory, emotional, cognitive, functional, and quality-of-life factors. Contemporary international guidelines emphasize a detailed case history, a comprehensive hearing assessment, the use of validated outcome measures such as the Tinnitus Functional Index, and screening for hyperacusis, psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and other comorbidities. While psychoacoustic measures are valuable for characterizing tinnitus and planning treatment, they are not reliable indicators of tinnitus severity. Effective assessment should identify therapeutic targets, support appropriate referrals, and provide the foundation for personalized, evidence-based tinnitus management.