语言获取与半球偏侧化：典型与非典型语言发展的网络神经科学框架。

文献信息

中文摘要

生命早期的神经可塑性支撑着半球偏侧化的出现，包括通常参与语言的左侧化网络。在典型发育中，神经组织跨半球逐渐变得更高效和专门化，其轨迹受早期感觉输入塑造，并与后期语言结局相关。由于人类神经影像学证据支持跨感觉模态的语言经验在塑造神经组织中的作用，早期感音神经性听力损失提供了一个模型系统，用以区分感觉环境和语言环境如何独立影响经验依赖性可塑性。即使整体脑组织得以保留，早期感觉剥夺也与半球偏侧化的发育轨迹改变相关。关键的是，感觉剥夺并不必然导致非典型语言或神经发育，这强调了听觉剥夺与语言剥夺之间重要的理论区别。本综述整合了神经、行为和临床研究的结果，提出一个框架以理解早期感觉和语言经验如何塑造语言相关的发展结局。

英文摘要

Neural plasticity in early life underpins the emergence of hemispheric specialization, including left-lateralized networks commonly involved in language. In typical development, neural organization becomes progressively more efficient and specialized across hemispheres, with trajectories shaped by early sensory input and linked to later language outcomes. Because human neuroimaging evidence supports a role for language experience across sensory modalities in shaping neural organization, early sensorineural hearing loss provides a model system for disentangling how sensory and language environments independently influence experience-dependent plasticity. Even when overall brain organization is preserved, early sensory deprivation is associated with altered developmental trajectories of hemispheric specialization. Critically, sensory deprivation does not inevitably result in atypical language or neural development, underscoring an important theoretical distinction between auditory and language deprivation. This review integrates findings from neural, behavioral, and clinical research to propose a framework for understanding how early sensory and language experiences shape language-related developmental outcomes.