过敏性鼻炎患者的自我慈悲、自我护理与鼻炎控制评估：潜在剖面与中介分析

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 本研究采用变量中心和人中心两种方法，探讨过敏性鼻炎患者自我慈悲与鼻炎控制评估之间的内在关系，并使用潜在剖面分析探索自我慈悲的异质性。
方法： 2026年2月至2026年4月，从中国四川省三家三级甲等医院招募了419名过敏性鼻炎患者。使用自我慈悲量表、鼻炎控制评估测试、过敏性鼻炎自我护理量表和人口学信息问卷收集数据。
结果： 自我慈悲与鼻炎控制（r = 0.472）和自我护理（r = 0.592）呈显著正相关，自我护理与鼻炎控制呈正相关（r = 0.693；所有p < 0.01）。在横断面中介分析中，自我慈悲通过自我护理对鼻炎控制的间接关联为0.542 [95%置信区间（CI）：(0.431, 0.655)]，占总关联[0.685, 95% CI：(0.563, 0.807)]的79.09%；直接关联为0.143 [95% CI (0.020, 0.266), 20.91%]。潜在剖面分析识别出四种自我慈悲剖面：自我友善但低正念组（10.5%，n = 44）、低自我慈悲组（9.3%，n = 39）、高自我慈悲伴高自我冷漠组（70.6%，n = 296）和正念但孤立组（9.5%，n = 40）。四种剖面在自我护理（F = 0.389, p = 0.761）或鼻炎控制（F = 0.915, p = 0.434）上无显著差异。
结论： 在这项针对过敏性鼻炎患者的横断面研究中，自我慈悲和自我护理与鼻炎控制相关，自我护理在自我慈悲与鼻炎控制的关联中占很大比例。识别出四种潜在的自我慈悲剖面，但在自我护理或鼻炎控制上无差异。这些发现可能为未来的纵向和干预研究提供信息；然而，横断面设计不能建立因果路径，基于剖面的干预措施的有效性仍有待测试。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVE: This study adopted both variable-centered and person-centered approaches to examine the internal relationships between self-compassion and rhinitis control assessment in patients with allergic rhinitis, and to explore heterogeneity in self-compassion using latent profile analysis.
METHODS: From February 2026 to April 2026, 419 patients with allergic rhinitis were recruited from three tertiary Grade A hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Scale, the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test, the Allergic Rhinitis Self-Care Scale, and a demographic information questionnaire.
RESULTS: Self-compassion was significantly and positively associated with rhinitis control (r = 0.472) and self-care (r = 0.592), and self-care was positively associated with rhinitis control (r = 0.693; all p < 0.01). In cross-sectional mediation analysis, the indirect association of self-compassion on rhinitis control through self-care was 0.542 [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.431, 0.655)], accounting for 79.09% of the total association [0.685, 95% CI: (0.563, 0.807)]; the direct association was 0.143 [95% CI (0.020, 0.266), 20.91%]. Latent profile analysis identified four self-compassion profiles: the self-kind but low-mindfulness group (10.5%, n = 44), the low self-compassion group (9.3%, n = 39), the high self-compassion with elevated self-coldness group (70.6%, n = 296), and the mindful-but-isolated group (9.5%, n = 40). The four profiles did not differ significantly on self-care (F = 0.389, p = 0.761) or rhinitis control (F = 0.915, p = 0.434).
CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study of patients with allergic rhinitis, self-compassion and self-care were associated with rhinitis control, and self-care accounted for a substantial proportion of the association between self-compassion and rhinitis control. Four latent self-compassion profiles were identified but did not differ on self-care or rhinitis control. These findings may inform the future longitudinal and intervention research; however, the cross-sectional design does not establish causal pathways, and the effectiveness of profile-based interventions remains to be tested.