体育锻炼作为睡眠-肥胖相互作用的调节因素：代谢、神经内分泌和昼夜节律机制。

文献信息

中文摘要

肥胖和睡眠障碍是高度流行的慢性疾病，它们共享多种病理生理机制，包括慢性低度炎症、神经内分泌功能障碍、昼夜节律失调、自主神经失衡、胰岛素抵抗和代谢紊乱。这些疾病建立了一种多向关系，促进心脏代谢、呼吸和心理共病的发展和进展。在此背景下，体育锻炼（PE）被广泛认为是预防和治疗肥胖和睡眠障碍的非药物策略，它同时调节这些相互关联的通路，同时增强代谢灵活性。越来越多的证据也支持其作为非光性授时因子的作用，该因子同步中枢和外周生物钟，调节时钟基因表达，并根据进行的时间影响代谢反应。通过这些多系统适应，PE可能中断连接肥胖和睡眠障碍的恶性循环，从而改善代谢健康并减少肥胖相关共病的负担。本综述讨论了PE如何通过整合的多系统适应来调节睡眠和肥胖之间的多向关系，强调其改善睡眠和整体健康的潜力。

英文摘要

Obesity and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent chronic conditions that share multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including chronic low-grade inflammation, neuroendocrine dysfunction, circadian misalignment, autonomic imbalance, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysregulation. These conditions establish a multidirectional relationship that contributes to the development and progression of cardiometabolic, respiratory, and psychological comorbidities. In this context, physical exercise (PE) is widely recognized as a non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and sleep disturbances that simultaneously modulates these interconnected pathways while enhancing metabolic flexibility. Growing evidence also supports its role as a non-photic zeitgeber that synchronizes central and peripheral biological clocks, modulates clock gene expression, and influences metabolic responses according to the time of day it is performed. Through these multisystem adaptations, PE may interrupt the vicious cycle linking obesity and sleep disturbances, thereby improving metabolic health and reducing the burden of obesity-related comorbidities. This review discusses how PE modulates the multidirectional relationship between sleep and obesity through integrated multisystem adaptations, highlighting its potential to improve both sleep and overall health.