意大利一只缅因猫杂交幼猫的选择性对称性脑软化。

文献信息

中文摘要

选择性对称性脑软化（SSE）是一种罕见的神经系统疾病，其特征是中枢神经系统特定区域内出现双侧对称的软化区域，已在人类和多种动物物种中有报道。本报告描述了一例来自意大利的六个月大缅因猫杂交幼猫的SSE病例，该幼猫表现为中枢性前庭功能障碍、快速进展的神经功能恶化、本体感觉缺陷、呼吸功能受损、癫痫发作和异常发声。进行了临床评估、血液学和生化分析以及辅助诊断检测，以调查潜在病因并评估鉴别诊断。尽管给予了支持性护理，该动物在临床症状出现后几天内自然死亡。随后进行了完整的尸检，包括中枢神经系统的组织病理学评估。神经病理学分析显示，多灶性、双侧对称的软化性和海绵状病变累及多个脑区，符合SSE模式。与先前在人类和犬中报道的病例比较显示，病变分布和形态学上具有显著相似性。本病例扩展了对猫中SSE样神经病理病变的有限认识，并强调了神经病理学检查在诊断表现为快速进展临床体征的罕见神经系统疾病中的价值。

英文摘要

Selective symmetrical encephalomalacia (SSE) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by bilateral and symmetrical areas of malacia within specific regions of the central nervous system and has been reported in humans and several animal species. This report describes a case of SSE in a six-month-old Maine Coon crossbred kitten from Italy that presented with central vestibular dysfunction, rapidly progressive neurological deterioration, proprioceptive deficits, respiratory impairment, seizures, and abnormal vocalization. Clinical evaluation, hematological and biochemical analyses, and ancillary diagnostic testing were performed to investigate the underlying cause and evaluate differential diagnoses. Despite supportive care, the animal died naturally a few days after the onset of clinical signs. A complete postmortem examination, including histopathological evaluation of the central nervous system, was subsequently performed. Neuropathological analysis revealed multifocal, bilateral, and symmetrical malacic and spongiform lesions affecting multiple brain regions, compatible with an SSE pattern. Comparison with previously reported cases in humans and dogs showed marked similarities in lesion distribution and morphology. This case expands the limited knowledge of SSE-like neuropathological lesions in cats and highlights the value of neuropathological examination in the diagnosis of rare neurological disorders presenting with rapidly progressive clinical signs.