与人类巨细胞病毒感染相关的环状RNA

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）可在免疫缺陷个体中引起危及生命的疾病。此外，HCMV是病毒相关先天性感染的主要原因。作为八种人类疱疹病毒之一，HCMV尤其与一系列神经系统损害相关，包括小头畸形、听力损失和发育迟缓。鉴于其对早期发育的重大影响，人们有强烈的动力去探索当前抗病毒疗法的替代方案和补充手段，以更好地减轻HCMV相关疾病。与其他疱疹病毒一样，HCMV建立终身感染，其特征是潜伏期和裂解期交替，使病毒能够逃避免疫清除。这些转变伴随着病毒和宿主基因表达的显著变化，从而影响细胞通路和调控机制。环状RNA（circRNA）最近被鉴定为HCMV转录组的产物，并因其在感染和发病机制中的潜在作用而受到越来越多的关注。本综述侧重于阐明HCMV来源的circRNA的功能、它们与病毒和宿主转录组的相互作用，以及用于其鉴定和分析的方法。该领域的最新进展扩展了我们对HCMV转录组及其对疾病贡献的理解，突显了circRNA作为未来生物标志物或治疗研究的潜在候选者。

英文摘要

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, HCMV is the leading cause of virus-associated congenital infections. As one of the eight human herpesviruses, HCMV is particularly associated with a range of neurological impairments, including microcephaly, hearing loss, and developmental delays. Given its significant impact on early development, there is strong motivation to explore alternatives and complements to current antiviral therapies to better mitigate HCMV-associated diseases. Like other herpesviruses, HCMV establishes lifelong infections characterized by alternating latent and lytic phases, enabling the virus to evade immune clearance. These transitions are accompanied by substantial changes in viral and host gene expression, which influence cellular pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been identified as products of the HCMV transcriptome and have attracted increasing attention due to their potential roles in infection and pathogenesis. This review focuses on elucidating the functions of HCMV-derived circRNAs, their interactions with both viral and host transcriptomes, and the methodologies used for their identification and analysis. Recent advances in this field have expanded our understanding of the HCMV transcriptome and its contribution to disease, highlighting circRNAs as potential candidates for future biomarker or therapeutic studies.