过敏性鼻炎对澳大利亚城市环境中成年人的影响：一项定性探索。

文献信息

中文摘要

背景/目的： 过敏性鼻炎（AR）是一种普遍且慢性的疾病，尽管其对生活质量（QoL）有重大影响，但在临床实践中常被低估。虽然流行病学研究已量化了患病率、危险因素和症状负担，但探索澳大利亚成年人，尤其是维多利亚州成年人AR生活体验的研究有限。本研究旨在探索澳大利亚维多利亚州城市地区成年人AR的生活体验。方法：采用在线半结构化深度访谈的定性研究，对居住在澳大利亚维多利亚州墨尔本和吉朗的38名成年人进行。数据使用Braun和Clarke描述的反身主题分析法进行分析。结果：在38名参与者中，57.9%（n=22）为自我诊断，42.1%（n=16）接受了AR的专业诊断。构建了以下五个主题：1. AR受发病、家族史和合并症的影响；2. 环境暴露和季节变化强烈影响AR患者的体验；3. 应对AR涉及生活方式调整、药物和个人适应策略的组合；4. AR通过睡眠不佳、情绪压力、社交限制和生产力下降扰乱QoL；5. 意识有限和医疗保健获取障碍阻碍了AR的有效管理。结论：参与者描述AR不仅限于身体症状，还包括由多种因素塑造的情感、社会和经济影响。这些复杂的生活体验强调需要更量身定制的管理，并提高对AR心理社会负担的临床认识。

英文摘要

Background/Objectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent and chronic condition that is frequently underestimated in clinical practice, despite its substantial impact on quality of life (QoL). While epidemiological studies have quantified the prevalence, risk factors and symptom burden, limited research has explored the lived experiences of adults living with AR in Australia, and more specifically in Victoria. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of adults with AR in urban Victoria, Australia. Methods: A qualitative study utilising online semi-structured in-depth interviews was conducted with thirty-eight adults residing in Melbourne and Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke. Results: Of the 38 participants, 57.9% (n = 22) were self-diagnosed and 42.1% (n = 16) had received a professional diagnosis of AR. The following five themes were constructed: 1. AR is shaped by onset, family history and comorbidities; 2. Environmental exposures and seasonal changes strongly influence the experience of AR patients; 3. Coping with AR involves a mix of lifestyle adjustments, medication and personal adaptive strategies; 4. AR disrupts QoL through poor sleep, emotional strain, social limitations and reduced productivity; and 5. Limited awareness and barriers in healthcare access hinder effective management of AR. Conclusions: Participants described AR as extending beyond physical symptoms to emotional, social and economic impacts shaped by multiple factors. These complex lived experiences emphasise the need for more tailored management and improved clinical recognition of the psychosocial burden of AR.