口腔与鼻腔门户微生物组：气道-消化界面的唾液组学与全身健康
The Oral and Nasal Gateway Microbiomes: Salivaomics and Systemic Health at the Airway-Digestive Interface.
文献信息
| PMID | 42795495 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Mark L Cannon |
| 作者单位 | Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Universty, Chicago, IL 60611, USA . |
| 期刊 | Microorganisms |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 5.1 |
| 研究类型 | 综述 Meta · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
口腔是消化道与上气道共享的黏膜与矿化界面。本叙述性综述提出口腔-鼻腔门户微生物组作为理解口腔、鼻腔及全身健康的临床实用模型。该模型包括细菌、真菌、古菌、原生动物、病毒、噬菌体、微生物代谢物以及宿主来源的唾液成分。其门户作用得到解剖学、持续唾液分泌、牙周血管暴露、口腔-肠道微生物重叠、硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-一氧化氮生物学、口腔与鼻腔气道相互作用、母婴微生物传播以及在选定远端疾病和肿瘤中口腔微生物富集的支持。口腔群落对饮食、唾液流率、气道生理、吸烟与电子烟、致口干药物、抗生素和抗菌漱口水迅速作出反应，这些变化可能影响鼻腔微生物组。已发表证据总结了细菌致病共生菌和保护性共生菌；念珠菌和其他口腔真菌；疱疹病毒；乳头瘤病毒；噬菌体；唾液组学；妊娠与早期生命预防；益生菌；多元醇；再矿化化学；环境暴露；以及肿瘤微生物学。截至稿件准备时，SalivaDB 收录了跨越 201 种疾病和 48 个疾病类别的 15,821 条唾液生物标志物条目。实际终点不是口腔灭菌，而是恢复微生物稳态、唾液功能、气道稳定性、饮食平衡以及基于生物学的及时预防。
英文摘要
The oral cavity is a mucosal and mineralized interface shared by the digestive tract and the upper airway. This narrative review proposes the oral-nasal gateway microbiome as a clinically useful model for understanding oral, nasal, and systemic health. The model includes bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, viruses, bacteriophages, microbial metabolites, and host-derived salivary components. Its gateway role is supported by anatomy, continuous salivation, periodontal vascular exposure, oral-gut microbial overlap, nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide biology, oral and nasal airway interactions, maternal-child microbial transmission, and enrichment of oral organisms in selected distal diseases and tumors. Oral communities respond rapidly to diet, salivary flow, airway physiology, smoking and vaping, xerostomic medications, antibiotics, and antiseptic rinses, and these changes may influence the nasal microbiome. Published evidence summarizes bacterial pathobionts and protective commensals; Candida and other oral fungi; herpesviruses; papillomaviruses; bacteriophages; salivaomics; pregnancy and early-life prevention; probiotics; polyols; remineralization chemistry; environmental exposures; and tumor microbiology. As of manuscript preparation, SalivaDB catalogs 15,821 salivary biomarker entries across 201 diseases and 48 disease categories. The practical endpoint is not sterilization of the oral cavity but restoration of microbial homeostasis, salivary competence, airway stability, dietary balance, and biologically informed, timely prevention.