一项纵向探索性病例系列：比较四名早期植入人工耳蜗的希腊裔塞浦路斯儿童与八名典型听力同龄人的形态学发展轨迹

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中文摘要

目的： 本文探讨失聪的希腊裔塞浦路斯（GC）儿童在植入人工耳蜗（CI）后，其希腊语定冠词（DA）各种形式的使用是否在出现顺序和年龄方面与典型听力同龄人相似。此外，还探讨其MLUm增长是否与典型发育同龄人相关。方法：这是一项纵向研究，包含定量和定性分析。样本包括四名语前失聪的GC儿童（植入CI）和八名无发育迟缓的典型听力（TH）儿童。年龄和听力状态（CI vs. TH）用于解释结果变异。还检查了随机效应的作用。使用混合线性模型检查随机效应的存在。绘制生长轨迹以深入描述和解释结果。结果：两组在定冠词准确使用方面均随年龄呈现显著线性增长，而听力状态对任何结果测量均无统计学显著影响。儿童间的个体差异约占正确冠词产生变异的33%至50%。此外，两组之间的语素平均话语长度（MLUm）值在所有年龄水平上均保持相关。讨论：虽然随机个体效应影响正确产生的速率，但CI儿童的早期形态句法轨迹似乎与典型发育对照组相似。由于样本量小，需要更大样本的研究来重复、确认和进一步验证当前研究的结果。

英文摘要

Objectives: This paper explores whether deaf Greek-Cypriot (GC) children with cochlear implants (CIs) begin using the various forms of the definite article (DA) of the Greek language similarly to their typically hearing peers in terms of order of appearance and age. Furthermore, it explores if their MLUm growth correlates with that of typically developing peers. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with quantitative and qualitative analyses. The sample comprises four prelingually deaf GC children with CIs and eight typically hearing (TH) children with no developmental delays. Age and hearing status (CIs vs. TH) were used to explain variability in results. The effect of random effects was also examined. Presence of random effects was examined using Mixed Linear Models. Growth trajectories were plotted for in-depth result description and interpretation. Results: Both groups demonstrated a significant linear increase in their accurate usage of definite articles with age, whereas hearing status showed no statistically significant impact on any outcome measure. Individual variance among children accounted for approximately 33% to 50% of the variance in correct article production. Additionally, Mean Length of Utterance in morphemes (MLUm) values between the two groups remained correlated across all age levels. Discussion: While random individual effects influence the rate of correct production, early morphosyntactic trajectories for CI children seem to be similar to those of typically developing controls. Due to the small sample size, studies with bigger samples are needed to replicate, confirm and validate further the results of the current study.