皮下免疫治疗使用未稀释戊二醛聚合花粉提取物混合物在橄榄和草花粉所致伴或不伴哮喘的成人和儿童过敏性鼻炎中的安全性和有效性。
Safety and Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy with an Undiluted Glutaraldehyde-Polymerized Pollen Extract Mixture in Adults and Children with Allergic Rhinitis with or Without Asthma Due to Olive and Grass Pollen.
文献信息
| PMID | 42783214 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Paula López-González |
| 作者单位 | Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, 28031 Madrid, Spain. |
| 期刊 | Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 3.7 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
背景/目的： 评估在常规临床实践中，使用戊二醛聚合的未稀释草和橄榄花粉混合物进行皮下免疫治疗（SCIT）对患有过敏性呼吸道疾病的成人和儿童的耐受性和有效性。
方法： 观察性、双向性、对照、多中心研究，纳入年龄≥5岁、因橄榄和草花粉导致过敏性鼻炎/鼻结膜炎±哮喘的患者。开始使用油橄榄/草花粉未稀释混合物进行SCIT的患者纳入O&G组，继续接受对症治疗的患者纳入未治疗（UT）组。安全性（主要目标）通过不良反应的发生率进行评估。在AIT前后的花粉季节比较有效性变量（症状、控制情况和药物使用）；患者和研究者报告感知满意度。
结果： 我们纳入O&G组218例患者（儿童23.4%；青少年13.8%；成人62.8%），平均（SD）年龄为26.5（15.6）岁，UT组94例。评估时，患者接受治疗的平均（SD）时间为10.6（2.5）个月。17例患者（7.8%）共发生18次不良反应，均为局部反应（成人12次，儿童6次；总体平均发生率：0.8%）。鼻炎频率从以持续性为主转变为间歇性（持续性下降-64.6%）（p < 0.0001），O&G组总体及各年龄组的强度和疾病控制均显著改善，而UT组无改善。有哮喘症状的患者减少-46.6%（p < 0.0001），同时O&G组总体及大多数年龄组的哮喘分类、治疗步骤和控制情况均改善。结膜炎症状的变化呈相似趋势。O&G组总体及特定年龄组的有症状药物使用显著减少。患者和研究者感知AIT后症状和药物使用减少。
结论： 在真实世界环境中，使用戊二醛聚合的未稀释橄榄/草花粉提取物过敏原混合物进行SCIT，对成人和儿童过敏性鼻炎及哮喘的治疗显示出安全性和有效性。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with a glutaraldehyde-polymerized undiluted mixture of grass and olive pollen in adults and children with allergic respiratory disease in routine clinical practice.
METHODS: Observational, ambispective, controlled multicenter study including patients ≥ 5 years with allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis +/- asthma due to olive and grass pollen. Patients initiating SCIT with Olea europaea/grass pollens undiluted mixtures were included in the O&G group, and those continuing symptomatic treatment in the untreated (UT) group. Safety (primary objective) was assessed as the incidence of adverse reactions. Effectiveness variables (symptoms, control, and medication use) were compared during the pollen season before and after AIT; patients and investigators reported perceived satisfaction.
RESULTS: We included 218 patients in the O&G group (children, 23.4%; adolescents, 13.8%; adults, 62.8%) with a mean (SD) age of 26.5 (15.6) years, and 94 in the UT group. At the time of evaluation, patients had received treatment for a mean (SD) of 10.6 (2.5) months. Seventeen patients (7.8%) experienced 18 adverse reactions in total, all local (12 in adults, 6 in children; mean overall rate: 0.8%). Rhinitis frequency shifted from predominantly persistent to intermittent (-64.6% in persistent) (p < 0.0001), with significantly improved intensity and control overall and across age groups in the O&G group but not in the UT group. Patients with asthma symptoms decreased by -46.6% (p < 0.0001), along with improved asthma classification, treatment steps, and control overall (O&G group), and across most age groups. Changes in conjunctivitis symptoms followed a similar trend. Symptomatic medication use significantly decreased overall (O&G group) and across specific age groups. Patients and investigators perceived decreased symptoms and medication use after AIT.
CONCLUSIONS: SCIT with a glutaraldehyde-polymerized undiluted allergen mixture of olive/grass pollen extract demonstrated safety and effectiveness to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma in adults and children in a real-world setting.