三维气液界面培养中耳上皮细胞与内耳类器官在耳科疾病中的进展与前景。

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 听力损失和前庭功能障碍是耳科疾病的主要挑战。传统疾病模型由于物种差异和生理相关性有限，难以准确模拟人类耳科病理。近年来，耳部体外模型的进展为相关研究提供了关键工具。核心代表包括气液界面（ALI）培养的中耳上皮细胞模型和内耳类器官。中耳上皮细胞的ALI培养高度模拟中耳组织结构和功能，在药物筛选和毒性评估中找到应用。内耳类器官促进体外生成包含毛细胞、支持细胞和神经元的功能性三维结构，同时重现内耳发育和特定疾病表型。本综述重点介绍这两种模型的起源、研究进展和应用前景，旨在为阐明耳科疾病机制、个性化药物筛选和评估基因治疗策略提供参考。

英文摘要

Hearing loss and vestibular disorders represent major otologic disease challenges. Traditional disease models struggle to accurately mimic human otologic pathologies due to species differences and limited physiological relevance. Recent advancements in otic vitro models have provided crucial tools for related research. The core representatives include the middle ear epithelial cell model cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and inner ear organoids. ALI culture of middle ear epithelial cells highly mimics middle ear tissue structure and function, finding applications in drug screening and toxicity assessment. Inner ear organoids facilitate the in vitro generation of functional three-dimensional structures containing hair cells, supporting cells, and neurons, while recapitulating both inner ear development and specific disease phenotypes. This review highlights the origins, research progress, and application prospects of these two model types, aiming to provide references for elucidating otologic disease mechanisms, personalized drug screening, and evaluating gene therapy strategies.