基于疾病特征识别接受放疗或放化疗的食管癌患者的症状群及其相关因素
Identification of symptom clusters and associated factors based on disease characteristics in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
文献信息
| PMID | 42780383 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Aijuan Wang |
| 作者单位 | Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. |
| 期刊 | Frontiers in medicine |
| SCI 分区 | Q1 |
| IF | 3.7 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 咽喉科 |
中文摘要
目的： 识别接受放疗或放化疗的食管癌患者的症状群，并分析其相关的疾病相关因素。
方法： 于2021年12月至2023年12月期间，从南京某三级综合医院肿瘤科招募了289例接受放疗或放化疗的食管癌患者。采用一般信息问卷和食管癌症状评估量表收集数据。采用探索性因子分析和多元线性回归进行统计分析。
结果： 最常见的症状为吞咽困难（73.55%）、疲乏（66.52%）、体重下降（66.29%）、睡眠障碍（62.58%）、口干（61.87%）、气短（58.39%）、恶心（57.42%）和瘙痒（57.00%）。症状发生率越高，其严重程度和困扰程度也越大。共识别出四个不同的症状群：心身症状群、吞咽困难症状群、不良反应症状群和反流-咳嗽症状群。临床分期、病变部位和治疗方式为症状群严重程度的独立预测因素（P < 0.05）。
结论： 接受放疗或放化疗的食管癌患者会同时经历多种症状，这些症状可形成可识别的症状群。临床护理人员应优先关注每个症状群中的主要症状，并根据症状严重程度和困扰程度制定针对性干预措施，从而提高症状管理效果，改善患者在治疗和康复期间的生活质量。
英文摘要
OBJECTIVE: To identify symptom clusters in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, and to analyze their associated disease-related factors.
METHODS: A total of 289 patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer were recruited from the oncology departments of a tertiary general hospital in Nanjing between December 2021 and December 2023. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and the esophageal cancer symptom assessment scale. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression were employed for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The most prevalent symptoms were dysphagia (73.55%), fatigue (66.52%), weight loss (66.29%), sleep disturbance (62.58%), dry mouth (61.87%), shortness of breath (58.39%), nausea (57.42%), and pruritus (57.00%). Higher symptom incidence was associated with greater severity and distress. Four distinct symptom clusters were identified: psychosomatic, dysphagia, adverse reaction, and reflux-cough. Clinical stage, lesion location, and treatment modality emerged as independent predictors of symptom cluster severity (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy experience multiple concurrent symptoms that form identifiable clusters. Clinical nursing staff should prioritize the leading symptoms within each cluster and develop targeted interventions based on symptom severity and distress levels, thereby improving symptom management effectiveness and enhancing patients' quality of life during the treatment and recovery period.