新生儿鼻炎鼻塞的临床管理与结局：一项范围综述。

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 新生儿鼻炎是一种在新生儿中诊断不足但可能严重的疾病。标准化的诊断和治疗方案仍然缺乏。目的是综述目前关于≤8月龄婴儿新生儿鼻炎的病因、诊断和管理的文献。
数据来源： PubMed、Medline、Embase、Google Scholar和Sofia（1980年1月至2025年9月）。
综述方法： 按照PRISMA-ScR指南进行了范围综述。纳入标准针对涉及因黏膜水肿或炎症状况导致鼻塞的新生儿的研究。提取了关于临床表现、诊断方法、治疗策略和结局的数据。
结果： 共找到五项关键研究，包括回顾性病历回顾、病例系列和叙述性报告。在这些研究中，新生儿鼻炎一致表现为黏液性鼻漏、鼻塞、鼾声、喂养不良和呼吸窘迫，通常见于无发热的新生儿。标准诊断工具包括纤维内镜和CT成像，以排除后鼻孔闭锁、梨状孔狭窄和其他病因。保守治疗方法，如盐水冲洗、皮质类固醇鼻滴剂（如地塞米松）和鼻咽气道置入，受到青睐，并在大多数病例中被证明有效。手术干预和更具侵入性的干预保留用于严重或无反应病例。
结论： 新生儿鼻炎是一种具有临床意义但特征尚不充分的疾病。尽管现有证据有限，但表明保守管理，包括局部皮质类固醇和机械气道支持，常被使用并与良好结局相关。本范围综述识别了空白，并强调需要研究以更好地定义和指导该疾病的管理。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal rhinitis represents an underdiagnosed yet potentially serious condition in newborns. Standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols remain lacking. The objective is to review the current literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and management of neonatal rhinitis in infants ≤8 months of age.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and Sofia (January 1980-September 2025).
REVIEW METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The inclusion criteria targeted studies involving neonates with nasal obstruction caused by mucosal edema or inflammatory conditions. Data were extracted regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes.
RESULTS: Five key studies were found, including retrospective chart reviews, case series, and narrative reports. Across the studies, neonatal rhinitis was consistently characterized by mucoid rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, stertor, poor feeding, and respiratory distress, often in afebrile newborns. Standard diagnostic tools included fibre-optic endoscopy and CT imaging to exclude choanal atresia, pyriform aperture stenosis, and other etiologies. Conservative treatment approaches, such as saline irrigation, corticosteroid nasal drops (eg, dexamethasone), and nasopharyngeal airway placement, were favoured and proved efficient in most cases. Surgical intervention and more invasive interventions were reserved for severe or nonresponsive cases.
CONCLUSION: Neonatal rhinitis is a clinically significant yet undercharacterized condition. Although the available evidence is limited, it suggests that conservative management, including topical corticosteroids and mechanical airway support, is commonly used and associated with favourable outcomes. This scoping review identifies gaps and underscores the need for research to better define and guide the management of this condition.