细颗粒物2.5暴露对儿童慢性鼻炎严重程度的影响：一项前瞻性队列研究
Impact of particulate matter 2.5 exposure on severity of pediatric chronic rhinitis: A prospective cohort study.
文献信息
| PMID | 42779361 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Rinrada Naka |
| 作者单位 | Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. |
| 期刊 | Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology |
| SCI 分区 | Q1 |
| IF | 4.3 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
背景： 空气动力学直径≤2.5微米的细颗粒物（PM2.5）与呼吸系统疾病和过敏性疾病相关。然而，其对儿童鼻炎控制的纵向影响仍有限。
目的： 确定PM2.5暴露与儿童慢性鼻炎患者症状控制之间的关联。
方法： 这项前瞻性纵向研究（2024年7月至2025年8月）随访了曼谷大都会地区的慢性鼻炎儿童。鼻炎症状严重程度每周使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）进行评估，并纳入药物使用和并发呼吸道感染等协变量。通过反距离加权插值法估算VAS评估前1周的平均PM2.5浓度。采用多变量混合效应和固定效应线性回归模型分析PM2.5暴露与VAS之间的关联。额外分析按气传过敏原致敏状态（过敏性鼻炎与非过敏性鼻炎）进行分层。
结果： 在146名随访中位时间为52周的儿童中，较高的PM2.5暴露（每10 μg/m3）与VAS升高持续相关（β系数；95%置信区间=0.260；0.215-0.306，p<.001）。雨季、并发呼吸道感染和药物使用也与VAS升高相关。这些关联在过敏性鼻炎和非过敏性鼻炎中均观察到。
结论： 较高的短期环境PM2.5暴露与儿童慢性鼻炎患者更严重的鼻炎症状相关。这些发现支持将环境空气污染视为儿童鼻炎管理中的一个环境因素。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is associated with respiratory and allergic diseases. However, the longitudinal impact on pediatric rhinitis control remains limited.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between PM2.5 exposure and symptom control in pediatric patients with chronic rhinitis.
METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study (July 2024-August 2025) followed children with chronic rhinitis in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Rhinitis symptom severity was assessed weekly using a visual analog scale (VAS), with covariates such as medication use and concurrent respiratory infections. A 1-week average PM2.5 concentration preceding VAS assessment (via Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation) was estimated. Associations between PM2.5 exposure and VAS were analyzed using multivariable mixed-effects and fixed-effects linear regression models. Additional analyses were stratified by aeroallergen sensitization status (allergic rhinitis versus nonallergic rhinitis).
RESULTS: Among 146 children followed for a median of 52 weeks, higher PM2.5 exposure (per 10 μg/m3) was consistently associated with increased VAS (β coefficient; 95% confidence interval = 0.260; 0.215-0.306, p < .001). Wet season, concurrent respiratory infections, and medication use were also associated with increased VAS. These associations were observed in both allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis.
CONCLUSION: Higher short-term ambient PM2.5 exposure was associated with greater rhinitis symptom severity in children with chronic rhinitis. These findings support consideration of ambient air pollution as an environmental factor in pediatric rhinitis management.