学习重力：一种先天约束的人类前庭发育贝叶斯模型。

文献信息

中文摘要

前庭器官在出生前已基本组织形成，而人类的平衡能力则仅通过头部控制、坐立、站立和独立行走逐渐显现。我们提出一种先天约束的前庭发育贝叶斯模型，其中系统发生塑造的架构约束了初始模型空间；产前和产后经验校准自我运动和重力的内部模型；发育门控的可塑性调节更新速率。我们明确区分已确立的证据与解释及模型衍生假设。近期关于内部模型、主动自我运动和多感觉重校准的人类与非人灵长类研究，与发育和临床证据相整合。随后，该框架在先天性和获得性前庭丧失、重力改变和衰老中进行概念性检验。其提出的新颖性不在于贝叶斯推断或内部模型本身，而在于将系统发生约束、产前校准、出生时的定性转变、时间依赖性可塑性以及终生情境切换结合在一个单一的发育解释中。最后，我们通过涉及VOR适应、感觉权重系数、预期性姿势反应、情境特异性再适应和姿势稳定性的可测量预测来操作化该模型。该框架旨在作为一种可证伪的观点，而非确定性的机制解释。

英文摘要

The vestibular apparatus is substantially organized before birth, whereas human equilibrium emerges only gradually through head control, sitting, standing, and independent walking. We propose an Innately Constrained Bayesian Model of Vestibular Development in which a phylogenetically shaped architecture constrains an initial model space; prenatal and postnatal experience calibrate internal models of self-motion and gravity; and developmentally gated plasticity modulates the rate of updating. We explicitly distinguish established evidence from interpretations and model-derived hypotheses. Recent human and nonhuman primate work on internal models, active self-motion, and multisensory recalibration is integrated with developmental and clinical evidence. The framework is then tested conceptually across congenital and acquired vestibular loss, altered gravity, and aging. Its proposed novelty lies not in Bayesian inference or internal models themselves, but in combining phylogenetic constraints, prenatal calibration, a qualitative transition at birth, time-dependent plasticity, and life-span context switching within a single developmental account. Finally, we operationalize the model through measurable predictions involving VOR adaptation, sensory-weighting coefficients, anticipatory postural responses, context-specific readaptation, and postural stability. The framework is intended as a falsifiable perspective rather than a definitive mechanistic account.