使用马赛克言语评估言语可懂度所需的时间分辨率：块时长、年龄和词熟悉度的效应
The Temporal Resolution Needed for Speech Intelligibility Assessed with Mosaic Speech: Effects of Block Duration, Age, and Word Familiarity.
文献信息
| PMID | 42776764 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Gerard B Remijn |
| 作者单位 | Faculty of Design, Department of Acoustic Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan. |
| 期刊 | Audiology research |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 2 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 耳科 |
中文摘要
背景/目的： 使用马赛克言语进一步研究言语可懂度所需的听觉系统时间分辨率。马赛克言语是一种退化言语，按频率×时间块分割，没有可辨别的时间精细结构，且幅度包络线索退化。
方法： 我们进行了一项聆听实验，使用由20个频带分割成20、40、80、160和320 ms的马赛克言语。年轻听者（<25岁；n = 20），自报听力正常并通过有限筛查测试，以及老年听者（>65岁；n = 19），听力阈值从正常听力到中度听力损失，聆听日语低熟悉度和高熟悉度马赛克词，并写下他们听到的内容。原始词作为对照刺激纳入。
结果： 尽管年轻听者的可懂度得分显著更高，老年听者能够整合和解析20 ms和40 ms的粗块马赛克言语，对高熟悉度词的可懂度得分达到84%或更高。然而，对于更长的块时长，老年听者对高熟悉度和低熟悉度词的可懂度均迅速下降。在年轻和老年听者组中，可懂度在160和320 ms的块时长时均达到地板效应。词熟悉度强烈影响可懂度得分。对于长达80 ms的块，两个年龄组中高熟悉度词的可懂度均显著高于低熟悉度词，差异为10-30%。
结论： 听力从正常到中度听力损失的老年听者（n = 19）能够对分割成20或40 ms块的马赛克词保持相对较高的可懂度，前提是这些词具有高熟悉度水平。
英文摘要
Background/Objectives: Mosaic speech was used to further investigate the auditory system's temporal resolution needed for speech intelligibility. Mosaic speech is a form of degraded speech segmented in frequency × time blocks with no discernible temporal fine structure and with degraded amplitude envelope cues. Methods: We performed a listening experiment with mosaic speech consisting of 20 frequency bands segmented into 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 ms. Younger listeners (<25 years; n = 20), with self-reported normal hearing and having passed a limited screening test, and elderly listeners (>65 years; n = 19) with hearing thresholds ranging from normal hearing to moderate hearing loss listened to Japanese low- and high-familiarity mosaic words and wrote down what they heard. The original words were included as control stimuli. Results: Although younger listeners had significantly higher intelligibility scores, elderly listeners could integrate and parse coarse blocks of mosaic speech of 20 ms and 40 ms with intelligibility scores of 84% or higher for high-familiarity words. For longer block durations, however, the elderly listeners' intelligibility dropped rapidly for both high- and low-familiarity words. In both the young and the elderly listener groups, intelligibility reached the floor for block durations of 160 and 320 ms. Word familiarity strongly affected intelligibility scores. For blocks up to 80 ms, intelligibility was significantly higher for high-familiarity words than for low-familiarity words in both age groups, with a 10-30% difference. Conclusions: Elderly listeners (n = 19) with normal hearing to moderate hearing loss could maintain relatively high intelligibility for mosaic words segmented in blocks of 20 or 40 ms, provided the words had a high familiarity level.