联合吸烟与饮酒同主观及客观嗅觉功能障碍的关联：NHANES 2013-2014的二次数据集分析
Associations of combined smoking and drinking with subjective and objective olfactory dysfunction: A secondary dataset analysis of NHANES 2013-2014.
文献信息
| PMID | 42775210 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Lu He |
| 作者单位 | Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. |
| 期刊 | Tobacco induced diseases |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 2.6 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
引言： 吸烟、饮酒与嗅觉功能障碍（OD）之间的关联仍无定论，且很少有研究在大型人群样本中同时探讨它们与主观和客观OD的关系。本研究旨在调查美国≥40岁成年人中不同吸烟和饮酒状态与主观及客观OD的关联。
方法： 这项NHANES 2013-2014二次数据集分析纳入了3376名完成化学感觉问卷、吸烟和饮酒问卷以及气味识别测试的≥40岁成年人。主观OD基于NHANES化学感觉问卷中自我报告的嗅觉损害，客观OD采用8项气味识别测试评估（评分0-5分表示损害）。吸烟状态根据吸烟指数、血清可替宁和晨起第一支烟时间进行分类；重度饮酒根据一生中任何时期的每日饮酒习惯定义。多变量logistic回归模型校正了人口学因素和OD相关危险因素。
结果： 主观OD和客观OD的患病率分别为20.3%和18.3%。对于主观OD，慢性吸烟者（AOR=1.47；95% CI：1.12-1.93）、慢性当前吸烟者（AOR=1.55；95% CI：1.16-2.08）、高依赖当前吸烟者（AOR=1.69；95% CI：1.19-2.40）、慢性吸烟者-重度饮酒者（AOR=1.72；95% CI：1.14-2.60）以及当前吸烟者-重度饮酒者（AOR=1.90；95% CI：1.25-2.88）的校正比值比显著升高。对于客观OD，慢性吸烟者（AOR=1.64；95% CI：1.26-2.12）、慢性当前吸烟者（AOR=1.59；95% CI：1.10-2.32）、高依赖吸烟者-重度饮酒者（AOR=2.69；95% CI：1.36-5.34）以及慢性吸烟者-重度饮酒者（AOR=1.67；95% CI：1.12-2.50）的校正比值比显著更高。
结论： 在美国≥40岁成年人中，慢性吸烟和重度饮酒，尤其是二者联合，与主观和客观OD均显著相关。这些发现提示，吸烟和重度饮酒可能是嗅觉损害的可改变危险因素。需要进一步纵向研究来确认这些关联并探索潜在机制。
英文摘要
INTRODUCTION: The association between smoking, alcohol consumption, and olfactory dysfunction (OD) remains inconclusive, and few studies have simultaneously examined their relationships with both subjective and objective OD in large population-based samples. This study aimed to investigate the associations of different smoking and drinking statuses with subjective and objective OD among US adults aged ≥40 years.
METHODS: This secondary dataset analysis of NHANES 2013-2014 included 3376 adults aged ≥40 years who completed the chemosensory questionnaire, smoking and alcohol use questionnaires, and the odor identification test. Subjective OD was based on self-reported olfactory impairments from the NHANES chemosensory questionnaire, and objective OD was assessed using an 8-item odor identification test (score 0-5 indicating impairment). Smoking status was classified based on smoking index, serum cotinine, and time to first cigarette; heavy drinking was defined based on daily drinking habits during any period in life. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors and OD-related risk factors.
RESULTS: The prevalence of subjective and objective OD was 20.3% and 18.3%, respectively. For subjective OD, significantly elevated adjusted odds were observed for chronic smoker (AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.12-1.93), chronic active smoker (AOR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.16-2.08), high dependent active smoker (AOR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.19-2.40), chronic smoker-heavy drinker (AOR=1.72; 95%CI: 1.14-2.60), and active smoker-heavy drinker (AOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.25-2.88). For objective OD, significantly higher adjusted odds were found for chronic smoker (AOR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.26-2.12), chronic active smoker (AOR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.10-2.32), high dependent smoker-heavy drinker (AOR=2.69; 95% CI: 1.36-5.34), and chronic smoker-heavy drinker (AOR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.12-2.50).
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic smoking and heavy drinking, particularly in combination, are significantly associated with both subjective and objective OD in US adults aged ≥40 years. These findings suggest that smoking and heavy alcohol use may represent modifiable risk factors for olfactory impairment. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these associations and explore underlying mechanisms.