EXPRESS：肌内和鼻内给予美托咪定对健康猫镇静及部分心肺变量的影响。

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中文摘要

目的： 比较健康雄性猫在绝育手术中经鼻内（IN）或肌内（IM）给予美托咪定后的镇静和心肺效应。方法：共纳入26只客户拥有的健康猫，年龄7-60个月，体重4 [3-6] kg（中位数[最小值-最大值]），因绝育就诊，纳入这项盲法、随机、前瞻性临床研究。猫被随机分为两组，分别通过IN（16只猫）或IM（10只猫）途径接受美托咪定（40 µg/kg）。在麻醉前用药期间（给予美托咪定前及给药后10、15、20分钟）和恢复期间（气管拔管时、拔管后1和2小时）使用简单描述性镇静评分（SDSS，范围0[无镇静]至3[最大镇静]）和复合镇静评分（CSS，范围0[无镇静]至19[最大镇静]）对镇静进行评分。在与镇静评估相同的时间点记录心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）、无创动脉血压（NIBP）和血红蛋白氧饱和度（SpO2）。结果：给予美托咪定后，两组在所有时间点的镇静评分均显著增加。然而，IM组猫达到最大镇静评分比IN组猫更高且更早（CSSmax分别为16 [13-17]，达峰时间TCSSmax为18 [10-20]分钟，对比14 [9-17]，达峰时间为20 [15-20]分钟）。给予美托咪定后，两组HR均显著下降，但IN组的下降幅度较小且持续时间较短。关于不良反应，IN给药后立即打喷嚏、吞咽和呕吐显著增加。结论与意义：IN美托咪定（40 µg/kg）可作为IM给药的替代非侵入性途径，用于健康猫在绝育全身麻醉前的麻醉前用药。与IM相比，IN美托咪定麻醉前用药在猫中产生足够的镇静，起效较慢、持续时间较短，但心血管效应较少。

英文摘要

ObjectivesTo compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects following either intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) administration of medetomidine in healthy male cats undergoing neuter procedure.MethodsA total of 26 client-owned healthy cats, aged 7 - 60 months, weighing 4 [3-6] kg (median [min-max]) presented for neutering were included in this blinded, randomized, prospective clinical study. The cats were randomly assigned in two groups to receive medetomidine (40 µg/kg) by IN (16 cats) or IM (10 cats) routes. Sedation was scored during premedication (just before and 10, 15, 20 minutes after medetomidine administration) and during recovery (at the moment of orotracheal extubation, 1 and 2 hours after) with a simple descriptive scale (SDSS) ranging from 0 (no sedation) to 3 (maximum sedation) and a composite scale (CSS) ranging from 0 (no sedation) to 19 (maximum sedation). Heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RR), non-invasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) and haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded at the same time points as sedation was assessed.ResultsSedation scores significantly increased for both groups at all time points after medetomidine administration. However, cats in the IM group achieved a higher maximal sedation score and earlier than cats in the IN group (CSSmax 16 [13-17] at TCSSmax 18 [10-20] min versus 14 [9-17] at 20 [15-20] min respectively). HR significantly decreased in both groups after medetomidine administration, but decrease was less pronounced and shorter in IN group. Regarding adverse effects, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting were significantly increased immediately after IN administration.Conclusions and relevanceIN medetomidine (40 µg/kg) can be an alternative, non-invasive route to IM administration for premedicating healthy cats before general anaesthesia for neutering. IN medetomidine premedication produced sufficient sedation with a slower onset and shorter duration but less cardiovascular effects compared to IM in cats.