青少年对佩戴助听器同伴的态度和看法：2020年代中期的助听器效应

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 同伴可能对使用助听器的青少年存在与外貌、性格和智力相关的负面看法。这种现象被称为“助听器效应”，可能会阻碍青少年使用其设备。了解同伴的态度和看法对于促进社会接纳以及制定培养对助听器使用者积极看法的教育项目至关重要。
目的： 本研究旨在考察青少年对使用助听器同伴的态度和看法，并探讨青少年与残疾人士或助听器使用者的接触经历与其态度和看法之间的关系。
研究设计： 相关性横断面研究。
研究样本： 共有146名10-18岁青少年参与了本研究。
数据收集与分析： 参与者完成了《助听器效应问卷》和《与残疾人士及助听器使用者接触问卷》。《助听器效应问卷》包括使用助听器的同伴和听力正常的同伴的照片。研究考察了同伴看法、社会接纳和感知差异方面的差异。还分析了《助听器效应问卷》总分和各分量表得分与接触残疾人士和助听器使用者频率之间的关系。
结果： 在《助听器效应问卷》的同伴看法（p = 0.000）、感知差异（p = 0.001）和总分（p = 0.004）方面，青少年对使用助听器同伴的看法与对听力正常同伴的看法之间存在显著差异。对人工耳蜗植入同伴的社会接纳分量表得分与接触残疾人士的频率之间存在正相关（ρ = 0.164，p = 0.047）。
结论： 与听力正常的同伴相比，青少年对使用助听器的同伴持有更负面的看法，并倾向于认为这些同伴与自己不同。
临床相关性声明： 规律使用助听器对读写能力、学业表现和社会发展有显著影响。同伴对使用助听器青少年的负面态度和看法可能导致这些青少年隐藏其设备，并阻碍他们寻求放大装置。我们的研究结果将指导听力学家设计项目，为使用助听器的青少年建立支持性的同伴环境。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Negative perceptions related to appearance, personality, and intelligence may exist among peers toward adolescents who use hearing aids. This phenomenon, known as the "hearing aid effect," may discourage adolescents from using their devices. Understanding peers' attitudes and perceptions is crucial for promoting social acceptance and developing educational programs that foster positive perceptions of hearing aid users.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine adolescents' attitudes and perceptions toward peers using hearing aids and to investigate the relationship between adolescents' encounters with individuals with disabilities or hearing aids and their attitudes and perceptions.
RESEARCH DESIGN: Correlational, cross-sectional research.
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 146 adolescents aged 10-18 years participated in this study.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Participants completed the Hearing Aid Effect Questionnaire and the Encounters with Individuals with Disabilities and Hearing Aids Questionnaire. The Hearing Aid Effect Questionnaire included photographs of peers using hearing aids and peers with typical hearing. Differences in peer perception, social acceptance, and perceived difference were examined. Relationships between total and subscale scores of the Hearing Aid Effect Questionnaire and frequency of encounters with individuals with disabilities and hearing aids were also analyzed.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found between adolescents' perceptions of peers using hearing aids and peers with typical hearing in peer perception (p = 0.000), perceived difference (p = 0.001), and total score (p = 0.004) of the Hearing Aid Effect Questionnaire. A positive correlation was found between the social acceptance subscale score for peers with cochlear implants and the frequency of encounters with individuals with disabilities (ρ = 0.164, p = 0.047).
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents have more negative perceptions of peers using hearing aids compared with peers with typical hearing and tend to view these peers as different from themselves.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Regular use of hearing aids significantly influences literacy, academic performance, and social development. Negative attitudes and perceptions of peers toward adolescents who use hearing aids may lead these adolescents to conceal their devices and discourage them from seeking amplification. The findings of our study will guide audiologists in designing programs to establish supportive peer environments for adolescents with hearing aids.