沙特阿拉伯学龄期智力与发育障碍儿童及无智力与发育障碍儿童的进食行为与喂养问题：一项横断面研究

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中文摘要

背景： 智力与发育障碍（IDD）儿童由于独特的进食行为和喂养问题，面临更高的营养挑战风险。因此，本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯学龄期IDD儿童与无IDD儿童的进食行为和喂养问题，并探讨不同诊断亚组之间的差异。方法：这项横断面研究于2024年8月至12月在沙特阿拉伯利雅得进行。共招募168名学龄期儿童（68名患有IDD，100名无IDD），来自大学医院儿童发展中心。使用结构化、由照护者填写的问卷收集社会人口学特征、进食行为和喂养问题的数据。结果：与健康同龄人相比，IDD儿童在进食行为和喂养问题方面的负担更高。他们更可能出现吸吮、咀嚼和吞咽困难（37% vs 17%，P = .001），恶心/呕吐（37% vs 15%，P = .005）和便秘/腹泻（43% vs 17%，P = .001）等胃肠道主诉，以及影响吞咽的牙齿问题（37% vs 18%，P = .024）。暴食（41% vs 18%，P = .002）、不健康零食（53% vs 32%，P = .017）和异食癖（41% vs 15%，P = .001）在IDD中也更常见。水果和果汁摄入量在各亚组之间差异显著（P = .033），其中自闭症谱系障碍儿童的摄入量最低。结论：沙特阿拉伯的学龄期IDD儿童与健康同龄人相比，面临显著的营养影响性进食行为和喂养困难。这些发现强调需要常规的、对诊断敏感的 nutrition care，并为旨在改善该人群营养状况和进餐时福祉的定制干预措施和政策策略提供证据。

英文摘要

Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at increased risk of nutritional challenges due to distinctive eating behaviors and feeding problems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess eating behaviors and feeding problems among school-aged children with and without IDD in Saudi Arabia and explore differences across diagnostic subgroups. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between August and December 2024. A total of 168 school-aged children (68 with IDD and 100 without IDD) were recruited at the Child Development Center, University Hospital. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, eating behaviors, and feeding problems were collected using a structured, caregiver-administered questionnaire. Children with IDD exhibited a higher burden of eating behaviors and feeding problems compared to healthy peers. They were more likely to experience difficulties with sucking, chewing, and swallowing (37% vs 17%, P = .001), gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea/vomiting (37% vs 15%, P = .005) and constipation/diarrhea (43% vs 17%, P = .001), and dental issues that interfered with swallowing (37% vs 18%, P = .024). Overeating (41% vs 18%, P = .002), unhealthy snacking (53% vs 32%, P = .017), and pica (41% vs 15%, P = .001) were also more common in IDD. Fruit and fruit juice intake differed significantly across subgroups (P = .033), with autism spectrum disorder children showing the lowest consumption. School-aged children with IDD in Saudi Arabia face significant nutrition-impacting eating behaviors and feeding difficulties compared to healthy peers. These findings highlight the need for routine, diagnosis-sensitive nutrition care and provide evidence to inform tailored interventions and policy strategies aimed at improving nutritional status and mealtime well-being in this population.