1-5岁儿童母亲对儿童听力损失的知识和态度

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 本研究旨在探讨1-5岁儿童母亲对儿童听力损失、其风险因素、影响及接受度的知识和态度。
方法： 采用方便抽样，对1-5岁儿童的母亲进行横断面调查。在一家三级医院使用结构化问卷收集数据，问卷涵盖人口学信息、儿童听力损失知识、对听力损失的态度、干预措施及信息来源。连续变量采用描述性统计进行总结，离散变量采用频率和百分比进行总结。教育水平与知识和态度条目之间的关联采用Fisher精确检验进行分析。
结果： 共有215名母亲参与研究。母亲的平均年龄为29.35±4.85岁，最小孩子的平均年龄为3.2±1.2岁。大多数母亲知道听力损失可能是先天性或迟发性的。然而，在对听力损失原因和管理方案的理解方面存在显著差距。对医疗管理方案的知晓率高于对康复服务使用的知晓率（42.3%）。母亲对中耳炎的知晓率中等，超过60%的母亲知道此类感染并认为可以预防。对听力筛查的接受度较高（86.5%）；然而，对助听设备的接受度较低（27.4%）。尽管对儿童听力损失的态度总体积极，但对康复程序和包容性的态度消极。母亲的教育水平与对听力康复和教育包容的态度显著相关（p<0.05），但与知识相关条目无关。超过80%的母亲表示有兴趣了解听力损失的原因、治疗方案以及何处寻求帮助。诊所或卫生工作者被确定为最首选的信息来源。
结论： 母亲对儿童听力损失具有中等程度的认识，在原因和管理方案方面存在显著差距，并对康复程序和包容性持消极态度。有针对性的家长教育计划和基于社区的宣传活动将有助于减少污名化并克服误解。

英文摘要

AIMS: The present study aims to explore the knowledge and attitudes among the mothers of children aged 1-5 years regarding childhood hearing loss, its risk factors, effects, and acceptance.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among mothers of children aged 1-5 years using convenience sampling. Data collection at a tertiary care hospital was conducted using a structured questionnaire that covered demographic details, knowledge of childhood hearing loss, attitudes towards hearing loss, intervention, and sources of information. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise continuous variables, while discrete variables were summarised using frequencies and percentages. Associations between education levels and knowledge and attitude items were examined using Fisher's Exact test.
RESULTS: A total of 215 mothers participated in the study. The mean age of the mothers was 29.35 ± 4.85 years, and the mean age of the youngest child was 3.2 ± 1.2 years. Most mothers were aware that hearing loss could be congenital or late-onset. However, substantial gaps were noted in understanding of the causes of hearing loss and management options. Awareness of medical management options was higher than that of the use of rehabilitative services (42.3%). Awareness of middle ear infections among mothers was moderate, with more than 60% being aware of such infections and believing they can be prevented. Acceptance towards hearing screening was high (86.5%); however, acceptance of amplification devices was low (27.4%). Although the attitudes towards childhood hearing loss were largely positive, the attitudes towards rehabilitation procedures and inclusivity were negative. Maternal educational level was significantly associated with attitudes toward hearing rehabilitation and educational inclusion (p < 0.05) but not with knowledge-related items. More than 80% of mothers expressed an interest in learning about the causes of hearing loss, treatment options, and where to seek help. Clinics or health workers were identified as the most preferred sources of information.
CONCLUSION: Mothers demonstrated a moderate awareness of childhood hearing loss, with substantial gaps in causes and management options, and negative attitudes towards rehabilitation procedures and inclusivity. Focused parental education programs and community-based awareness initiatives would help reduce stigma and overcome misconceptions.