虚拟现实技术在耳鼻咽喉科患者护理管理中的应用：当前证据与未来展望的叙述性综述

文献信息

中文摘要

虚拟现实（VR）被定义为通过头戴式显示器提供的沉浸式、交互式、计算机生成的模拟，可在虚拟环境中营造临场感，在耳鼻咽喉科护理中具有前景，并在全球临床实践中日益广泛应用。本叙述性综述涵盖面向患者的VR应用（术前教育、疼痛与焦虑缓解、前庭康复、吞咽评估与治疗、听力康复及耳鸣管理）和面向护士的VR应用（专业培训与技能发展）。通过综合近期临床研究和技术进展，本综述强调VR在提升患者护理体验、改善护理质量与效率以及应对严重手术焦虑和康复依从性差等常见挑战方面的潜力；不同应用的证据支持程度各异。前庭康复得到随机对照试验的强有力证据支持，而吞咽治疗和耳鸣管理主要得到初步探索性研究的支持。我们讨论了阻碍VR实施的技术、经济和临床局限性，然后提出未来研究和临床实践的实用建议。本综述还强调了近期进展，包括VR与人工智能、可穿戴生物传感器和远程康复平台的整合，以促进个性化远程耳鼻咽喉科护理。尽管VR具有改善康复结局和治疗依从性的潜力，但由于研究设计和结局指标的差异，当前证据仍具有异质性。迫切需要严格、标准化的大规模研究来加强证据基础，并支持VR在耳鼻咽喉科护理中可靠、标准化的实施。本综述总结了VR在耳鼻咽喉科患者护理管理中的当前证据和未来展望。

英文摘要

Virtual reality (VR), defined as an immersive, interactive, computer-generated simulation delivered via head-mounted displays that create a sense of presence in a virtual environment, holds promise for otolaryngology nursing and is increasingly used in clinical practice worldwide. This narrative review covers both patient-facing VR applications (preoperative education, pain and anxiety relief, vestibular rehabilitation, swallowing assessment and therapy, hearing rehabilitation, and tinnitus management) and nurse-facing VR applications (professional training and skills development). By synthesizing recent clinical studies and technological advances, this review highlights the potential for VR to enhance the patient care experience, improve nursing quality and efficiency, and address common challenges such as severe surgical anxiety and poor adherence to rehabilitation; supporting evidence varies across applications. Vestibular rehabilitation is supported by strong evidence from randomized controlled trials, whereas swallowing therapy and tinnitus management are primarily supported by preliminary exploratory studies. We discuss technical, economic, and clinical limitations hindering implementation of VR, then present practical recommendations for future research and clinical practice. This review also highlights recent advances, including the integration of VR with artificial intelligence, wearable biosensors, and telerehabilitation platforms, to facilitate personalized remote otolaryngology nursing. Despite the potential for VR to improve rehabilitation outcomes and treatment adherence, current evidence remains heterogeneous due to variations in study designs and outcome measures. Rigorous, standardized, large-scale studies are urgently needed to strengthen the evidence base and support the reliable, standardized implementation of VR in otolaryngology nursing. This review summarizes the current evidence and future prospects of VR in otolaryngology patient care management.