一种真实感视听多说话者言语理解测试的开发与评估

文献信息

中文摘要

当前的言语理解评估无法可靠地测量听者在现实生活中的言语理解能力，因为它们未能捕捉真实世界交流场景的复杂性和动态性。为了使实验室评估更贴近现实世界的聆听需求，我们利用两名说话者之间自发对话的视听录音开发了一种新的言语理解测试。这些对话与三种不同信噪比（SNR）的嘈杂人声混合，以改变任务难度（安静、0dB和-5dB）。言语理解通过词语监测范式进行评估，在该范式中，听者被给定一个词语类别，并通过按手持按钮对与该类别相关的目标词做出反应。结果测量包括自我评定的聆听努力、命中率、反应时间（RT）和头部转向行为。30名听力正常的成年人接受了测试。随着SNR降低，自我报告的聆听努力增加，命中率下降，RT增加。参与者主要朝向活跃的说话者，视觉定位通过头部和眼动的组合实现。围绕对话轮次转换的动态分析显示，在更具挑战性的条件下，听者更早且更一致地朝向即将说话的说话者。在考虑SNR效应后，没有任何行为测量与聆听努力评分显著相关。总体而言，我们的结果表明，所提出的测试提供了一种对现实世界言语理解的敏感测量，并有望在生态有效的环境中评估听力损失的影响和评估助听设备的益处。

英文摘要

Current speech comprehension assessments do not provide a reliable measure of listeners' real-life speech comprehension ability, as they fail to capture the complexity and dynamic nature of real-world communicative scenarios. To better align laboratory assessment with real-world listening demands, we developed a new speech comprehension test using audio-visual recordings of spontaneous conversations between two talkers. The conversations were combined with babble noise at three different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to vary task difficulty (Quiet, 0dB, and -5dB). Speech comprehension was assessed using a word monitoring paradigm, in which listeners were given a word category and responded to target words related to that category by pressing a hand-held button. Outcome measures included self-rated listening effort, hit rate, response time (RT), and head turn behavior. Thirty adults with normal hearing were tested. With decreasing SNR, self-reported listening effort increased, hit rate decreased, and RT increased. Participants predominantly oriented toward the active talker, with visual localization achieved through a combination of head and eye movements. Dynamic analyses around conversational floor transfers revealed that, listeners oriented earlier and more consistently toward the upcoming talker in more challenging conditions. None of the behavioral measures were significantly associated with listening effort ratings after accounting for SNR effects. Overall, our results demonstrate that the proposed test provides a sensitive measure of real-world speech comprehension and holds promise for assessing the impact of hearing loss and evaluating hearing device benefit in ecologically valid settings.