EXPRESS：患有鼻炎猫与健康猫中支原体属及呼吸道病原体的检测

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中文摘要

目的： 研究患有鼻炎的猫与健康猫相比支原体属的患病率，并评估与检测相关的因素。
方法： 前瞻性纳入46只患有鼻炎的猫和37只无症状对照猫。采集鼻拭子，并针对支原体属、猫支原体、猫疱疹病毒（FHV）、猫杯状病毒（FCV）、支气管败血波氏杆菌（B. bronchiseptica）和衣原体属进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测。所有支原体属阳性样本均进行测序以鉴定菌种。
结果： PCR分析显示，患有鼻炎的猫中支原体属的患病率显著高于健康对照（28.3% vs 5.4%；p = 0.037）。在21.7%的鼻炎病例中检测到猫支原体，而对照组中未检测到（p = 0.017）。FHV在患有鼻炎的猫中显著更常见（39.1% vs 8.1%；p = 0.027）。此外，在鼻炎组内，FHV的检测与支原体属和猫支原体的检测显著相关。FCV（17.4% vs 5.4%；p = 0.352）和衣原体属（4.3% vs 0%；p = 0.481）在两组之间无差异。两组均未检测到支气管败血波氏杆菌。
结论与意义： 研究结果支持支原体检测（尤其是猫支原体）与猫鼻炎之间的关联，提示这些微生物在猫上呼吸道疾病中具有临床相关性。观察到的支原体检测与FHV之间的关联提示猫上呼吸道疾病发病机制中可能存在病毒-细菌相互作用。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in cats with rhinitis compared to healthy cats and to evaluate factors associated with detection.
METHODS: A total of 46 cats with rhinitis and 37 asymptomatic controls were prospectively enrolled. Nasal swabs were collected, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for Mycoplasma spp., Mycoplasma felis, feline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) and Chlamydia spp. were performed. All Mycoplasma spp.-positive samples underwent sequencing for species identification.
RESULTS: PCR analysis revealed a significantly higher prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in cats with rhinitis compared to healthy controls (28.3% vs 5.4%; p = 0.037). Mycoplasma felis was detected in 21.7% of rhinitis cases but in none of the controls (p = 0.017).FHV was significantly more prevalent in cats with rhinitis (39.1% vs 8.1%; p = 0.027). In addition, detection of FHV was significantly associated with detection of Mycoplasma spp. and M. felis within the rhinitis group. FCV (17.4% vs 5.4%; p = 0.352) and Chlamydia spp. (4.3% vs 0%; p = 0.481) did not differ between groups. B. bronchiseptica was not detected in either group.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings support an association between Mycoplasma detection, particularly M. felis, and feline rhinitis, suggesting clinical relevance of these organisms in feline upper respiratory tract disease. The observed association between Mycoplasma detection and FHV suggests potential viral-bacterial interactions in the pathogenesis of feline upper respiratory tract disease.