食管癌。

文献信息

中文摘要

食管癌是全球第十三常见癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第七大原因，每年导致约50万人死亡。近几十年来，基于人群的5年生存率有所改善，但很少超过20%。食管癌的主要组织学类型——腺癌和鳞状细胞癌——具有不同的发病模式。过去四十年间，许多西方国家的食管腺癌发病率迅速上升，尤其是在白人男性中，而食管鳞状细胞癌的发病率则下降。相比之下，大多数其他人群的情况正好相反，其中食管鳞状细胞癌仍是最常见的类型。本综述聚焦于食管癌流行病学特征、危险因素、预防和临床管理方面的最新进展。

英文摘要

Cancer of the esophagus is the thirteenth most common cancer and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, resulting in approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Population-based 5-year survival has improved in recent decades but rarely exceeds 20%. The main histologic types of esophageal cancer, adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, have different incidence patterns. The past four decades have witnessed a rapidly increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in many Western countries, especially among White men, and a decreasing incidence of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. In contrast, the opposite is true for most other populations, in which esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma remains the most frequent form. This review focuses on recent developments in the epidemiologic characteristics, risk factors, prevention, and clinical management of esophageal cancer.