神经发育障碍个体长期听觉加工训练后的语言结局：一项回顾性病例系列研究

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中文摘要

背景： 在本回顾性病例系列中，描述了七名具有不同神经发育特征的个体在听觉加工训练（APT）期间接受性语言、表达性语言和词汇习得的纵向轨迹。本研究旨在突出个案内的发展模式，而非评估该干预的有效性。
方法： 回顾了七名参与者的存档临床记录，随访期为24至48个月。对于所有病例，保留了基线、6个月、12个月、18个月和24个月观察窗口的学前语言量表-4（PLS-4）评分，作为与每次评估中所有项目均正确完成的最高项目组相对应的独特年龄范围。若参与者在某一年龄组中正确完成了所有项目，但无法在随后的年龄组中完成所有项目，则将其水平归类为其已完成所有项目的年龄组。单词计数反映每个时间间隔内新记录的单词。分析以个案和描述性方式进行；未使用推断性统计检验。
结果： 到第二十四个月时，所有七例在接受性语言和表达性语言方面均较基线进展至更高的PLS-4项目组年龄范围。在共同观察窗口内新记录的单词数量也在每个阶段增加。基线时记录单词的中位数为4个（范围：0-34），而18-24个月期间该数字为678个（范围：133-1,150）。排除初始单词后，0至24个月期间新记录单词的中位总数为1,126个（范围：288-2,238）。个体发展轨迹差异很大。
结论： 数据表明，在随访期间，在个案水平上与PLS-4项目组相对应的年龄组中出现了进步和词汇习得的增加。然而，由于样本量小、临床异质性、缺乏对照组以及同时存在的发展和教育支持，观察到的变化不能因果归因于APT。这些发现被视为为未来对照研究提供假设的临床观察。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective case series, the longitudinal trajectories of receptive language, expressive language, and vocabulary acquisition during auditory processing training (APT) were described for seven individuals with different neurodevelopmental characteristics. The study aims to highlight intra-case developmental patterns rather than to assess the intervention's effectiveness.
METHODS: Archived clinical records of seven participants with follow-up periods ranging from 24 to 48 months were reviewed. For all cases, the Preschool Language Scale-4 (PLS-4) scores at the baseline, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month, and 24-month observation windows were retained as unique age ranges corresponding to the highest item group in which all items were correctly completed at each assessment. Where a participant correctly completed all items in one age group but was unable to complete all items in the subsequent age group, their level was classified as the age group in which they had completed all items. Word counts reflect newly recorded words within each interval. The analyses were conducted on a case-by-case and descriptive basis; no inferential statistical tests were used.
RESULTS: By the twenty-fourth month, all seven cases had progressed to a higher PLS-4 item group age range compared with baseline, in terms of both receptive and expressive language. The number of newly recorded words in the shared observation window also increased at each stage. Whilst the median number of words recorded at baseline was 4 (range: 0-34), this figure was determined to be 678 (range: 133-1,150) for the 18-24-month period. Excluding initial words, the median total number of new words recorded between 0 and 24 months was 1,126 (range: 288-2,238). Individual developmental trajectories varied considerably.
CONCLUSION: The data indicate that, over the follow-up period, there was progress and an increase in vocabulary acquisition in the age groups corresponding to the PLS-4 item groups at the case level. However, due to the small, clinically heterogeneous sample, the absence of a control group, and concurrent developmental and educational support, the observed changes cannot be causally attributed to APT. The findings are considered to be hypothesis-generating clinical observations for future controlled studies.