睡眠时长与质量的性别差异：对高血压风险的意义

文献信息

中文摘要

综述目的： 本综述综合了过去五年关于睡眠与高血压关联的证据，重点关注血压调节中的性别差异。
最新发现： 睡眠是高血压的可改变危险因素。除整体睡眠质量和时长外，失眠和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等睡眠障碍也与血压升高相关。新出现的证据提示，这些关系可能因性别而异，反映了睡眠特征、疾病表现以及对血压失调易感性的差异。总之，这些发现支持将睡眠视为心血管风险的多维决定因素，且不同性别的结局表现不同。睡眠是高血压预防和管理中具有临床意义且可改变的目标，应纳入心血管风险评估和临床诊疗。性别特异性激素影响和自主神经功能障碍可能促成了男性和女性在睡眠障碍与高血压风险关联上的差异。认识这些机制可能有助于制定更有针对性的策略以降低高血压风险。

英文摘要

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes evidence on the association between sleep and hypertension from the past five years, with an emphasis on sex differences in blood pressure regulation.
RECENT FINDINGS: Sleep is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. In addition to overall sleep quality and duration, sleep disorders such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with elevated blood pressure. Emerging evidence suggests that these relations may differ by sex, reflecting variations in sleep characteristics, disorder presentation, and susceptibility to blood pressure dysregulation. Together, these findings support the concept of sleep as a multidimensional determinant of cardiovascular risk with different outcome presentation by sex. Sleep represents a clinically relevant and modifiable target for hypertension prevention and management and should be incorporated into cardiovascular risk assessment and clinical care. Sex-specific hormonal influences and autonomic dysfunction may contribute to the differences in associations between sleep disturbances and hypertension risk between males and females. Recognizing these mechanisms may inform more targeted strategies to reduce hypertension risk.