健康生活方式与癌症风险：英国生物银行前瞻性队列中的泛癌分析。

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 关于健康生活方式与多种癌症关系的研究有限。我们开展了一项泛癌分析，以评估健康生活方式与癌症风险之间的关联。
方法： 分析了来自英国生物银行287,745名参与者的数据。健康生活方式评分（HLS）基于吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动和BMI计算。使用Cox模型估计27种癌症风险，并基于未完全遵循健康生活方式计算人群归因分数（PAFs）。
结果： 在中位11.5年随访期间，12,947名参与者发生癌症。与遵循0-1种健康生活方式行为相比，遵循4-5种健康生活方式行为与27种癌症类型中13种的风险降低相关：口腔癌、咽癌、喉癌、食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、软组织肉瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌和绝经后乳腺癌（HRs从0.12到0.79）。在14种癌症类型中观察到与较低HLS相关的显著PAFs。吸烟和超重与最多数量的癌症类型相关。
结论： 这些发现扩展了健康生活方式与常见及较少见癌症风险降低之间关联的证据。吸烟和超重比其他组成部分与更多癌症类型相关，提示戒烟和体重控制可能是应优先考虑的癌症预防策略。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Research on healthy lifestyles across various cancers is limited. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis to evaluate the associations of healthy lifestyle with cancer risk.
METHODS: Data from 287,745 UK Biobank participants were analysed. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was calculated based on smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity and BMI. Cox models were used to estimate 27 cancer risks, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated based on incomplete adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
RESULTS: During a median 11.5-year follow-up, 12,947 participants developed cancer. Adhering to 4-5 vs 0-1 healthy lifestyle behaviours was associated with decreased risks of 13 of the 27 cancer types: oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, oesophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, soft tissue sarcoma, kidney, bladder and postmenopausal breast cancer (HRs from 0.12 to 0.79). Significant PAFs were observed for 14 cancer types in relation to lower HLS. Smoking and overweight were associated with the largest number of cancer types.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings extend evidence on associations between a healthy lifestyle and lower risks of both common and less-common cancers. Smoking and overweight were associated with more cancer types than the other components, suggesting that smoking cessation and weight control may be cancer prevention strategies to be prioritised.