中国宁夏地区单一致敏与多重致敏变应性鼻炎患者的变应原提取物致敏模式
Allergen extract-based sensitization patterns in mono-sensitized versus multi-sensitized patients with allergic rhinitis in Ningxia, China.
文献信息
| PMID | 42741002 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Yuqiao Zhang |
| 作者单位 | The Second Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China. |
| 期刊 | Frontiers in allergy |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 3.7 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
背景： 与单一致敏相比，变应性鼻炎（AR）合并多重致敏的患者症状更严重，且发生哮喘并发症的风险更高。变应原比例与地理分布密切相关，然而中国宁夏地区多重致敏AR患者的详细特征仍未被充分探索。
目的： 探讨宁夏地区多重致敏AR患者吸入性变应原的分布及相关因素，为个体化治疗提供数据基础。
方法： 回顾性分析纳入2018年1月至2022年8月在银川市第一人民医院诊断为AR并接受血清变应原特异性IgE（sIgE）检测的1,180例患者。排除对全部10种吸入性变应原均检测阴性的70例患者后，分析至少一种吸入性变应原阳性的1,110例患者。其中，比较了≥2种吸入性变应原阳性的826例患者（多重致敏组）与仅一种吸入性变应原阳性的284例患者（单一致敏组）。
结果： （1）74.4%（826/1,110）的致敏AR患者为多重致敏。（2）主要吸入性变应原为艾蒿（74.1%）、豚草（54.7%）和树木混合物（49.2%）。（3）按平均sIgE强度排序居前的变应原为艾蒿（3.65）、猫皮屑（3.06）和屋尘（3.00）。（4）多重致敏与年龄（χ 2 = 116.032，P < 0.001）、食物过敏共病（χ 2 = 107.622，P < 0.001）、就诊季节（χ 2 = 58.475，P < 0.001）、COVID-19大流行时期（χ 2 = 85.513，P < 0.001）和民族（χ 2 = 64.627，P < 0.001）显著相关。COVID-19后，多重致敏比例从80.0%降至55.2%。
结论： 花粉类变应原，尤其是艾蒿，是宁夏地区多重致敏AR患者最常见的诱发因素，呈现出明显的地域和人口学模式。全面的变应原检测、本地花粉监测和减少暴露对于管理这一高危亚组至关重要。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and multi-sensitization experience more severe symptoms and a higher risk of asthma complications compared to those with mono-sensitization. Allergen proportion is closely linked to geographical distribution, yet detailed profiles of multi-sensitized AR patients in Ningxia, China, remain underexplored.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of inhaled allergens and associated factors in multi-sensitized AR patients in Ningxia, providing a data foundation for individualized treatment.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 1,180 AR patients diagnosed at Yinchuan First People's Hospital (January 2018-August 2022) who underwent serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) testing. After excluding 70 patients who tested negative for all 10 inhalant allergens, 1,110 patients with at least one positive inhalant allergen were analyzed. Among them, 826 patients with ≥2 positive inhalant allergens (multi-sensitized group) and 284 with a single positive inhalant allergen (mono-sensitized group) were compared.
RESULTS: (1) 74.4% (826/1,110) of sensitized AR patients had multi-sensitization. (2) The predominant inhaled allergens were mugwort (74.1%), ragweed (54.7%), and tree mix (49.2%). (3) The top allergens by mean sIgE intensity were mugwort (3.65), cat dander (3.06), and house dust (3.00). (4) Multi-sensitization was significantly associated with age (χ 2 = 116.032, P < 0.001), food allergy comorbidity (χ 2 = 107.622, P < 0.001), season of consultation (χ 2 = 58.475, P < 0.001), COVID-19 pandemic period (χ 2 = 85.513, P < 0.001), and ethnicity (χ 2 = 64.627, P < 0.001). Post-COVID-19, the proportion of multi-sensitization decreased from 80.0% to 55.2%.
CONCLUSIONS: Pollen allergens, particularly mugwort, are the most common triggers for multi-sensitized AR patients in Ningxia, demonstrating distinct regional and demographic patterns. Comprehensive allergen testing, local pollen monitoring, and exposure reduction are crucial for managing this high-risk subgroup.