Article record

1型糖尿病儿童和青少年的嗅觉表现：与糖尿病病程和血糖控制的关系。

Olfactory Performance of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Relationship to Diabetes Duration and Glycemic Control.

临床研究鼻科IF 4.8Q2

文献信息

PMID	42740390
原文	在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗
发表日期	2026
作者	Grzegorz Sobek 查看其他 2 位作者 Paweł Jagielski；Artur Mazur
作者单位	Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland, ur.edu.pl. 查看其他 3 条单位信息 University Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Rzeszów, Poland.；Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, cm-uj.krakow.pl.；Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland.
期刊	Journal of diabetes research
SCI 分区	Q2
IF	4.8
研究类型	临床研究 · 临床
所属专科	鼻科

中文摘要

背景/目的： 嗅觉功能障碍日益被认为是糖尿病的并发症，对进食行为和生活质量产生负面影响。本研究调查了1型糖尿病青少年的嗅觉功能，并评估疾病病程和长期血糖控制（平均HbA1c）对嗅觉表现的影响。
方法： 使用经过验证的“Sniffin' Sticks”测试评估嗅觉功能，该测试评估气味阈值、辨别和识别，生成用于诊断嗅觉减退（TDI < 30.75）的综合TDI评分。
结果： 在1型糖尿病青少年中，30%被识别为嗅觉减退，而没有人表现出嗅觉丧失。总体嗅觉表现（TDI评分）在糖尿病病程、年龄、性别、BMI、血脂谱或胰岛素治疗方法方面没有显著差异。然而，观察到长期平均HbA1c与总TDI评分之间存在强负相关（r = -0.65，p < 0.001）。逻辑回归证实，平均HbA1c升高（> 7.0%）是嗅觉损伤的显著独立预测因子，使嗅觉减退的风险增加3.7倍（OR = 3.726，p = 0.018）。
结论： 长期血糖控制不佳显著损害1型糖尿病青少年的嗅觉功能。这通过平均HbA1c高的青少年嗅觉评分显著降低得到证明。因此，未来的研究可能会验证嗅觉测试作为糖尿病并发症的有效早期生物标志物。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Olfactory dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication of diabetes that negatively impacts eating behavior and quality of life. This study investigates olfactory function in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and evaluates the impact of disease duration and long-term glycemic control (mean HbA1c) on olfactory performance.
METHODS: Olfactory function was assessed using the validated "Sniffin' Sticks" test, which evaluates odor threshold, discrimination, and identification to generate a composite TDI score for diagnosing hyposmia (TDI < 30.75).
RESULTS: Hyposmia was identified in 30% of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, whereas none exhibited anosmia. Overall olfactory performance (TDI scores) did not differ significantly by diabetes duration, age, sex, BMI, lipid profiles, or insulin therapy method. However, a strong negative correlation was observed between long-term mean HbA1c and total TDI scores (r = -0.65, p < 0.001). Logistic regression confirmed that elevated mean HbA1c (> 7.0%) was a significant independent predictor of olfactory impairment, increasing the risk of hyposmia 3.7-fold (OR = 3.726, p = 0.018).
CONCLUSIONS: Poor long-term glycemic control significantly impairs olfactory function in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. This is demonstrated by the marked reduction in olfactory scores among adolescents with high mean HbA1c. Consequently, future research may validate olfactory testing as an effective, early biomarker for diabetic complications.