缬草、西番莲和银杏的神经保护与神经调节潜力：疗效、安全性和监管方面。
Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Potential of Valeriana officinalis, Passiflora incarnata, and Ginkgo biloba: Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Aspects.
文献信息
| PMID | 42739461 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Lidia Mielczarek |
| 作者单位 | Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceutics, National Medicines Institute, Chelmska 30/34 Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland. |
| 期刊 | Plants (Basel, Switzerland) |
| SCI 分区 | Q1 |
| IF | 5.1 |
| 研究类型 | 综述 Meta · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 耳科 |
中文摘要
缬草（Valeriana officinalis L.）、西番莲（Passiflora incarnata L.）和银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）是欧洲植物疗法中使用最广泛的药用植物之一，其用于焦虑、失眠、认知衰退、注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）和帕金森病的传统用途已有充分记载。本叙述性综述在中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病背景下，批判性地分析了这三种植物现有的临床、药理学、毒理学和监管数据。在PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane Library中进行了全面的文献检索；还纳入了来自欧洲药品管理局（EMA）、欧洲植物疗法科学合作组织（ESCOP）和世界卫生组织（WHO）的监管文件。缬草在改善睡眠质量和减轻焦虑方面显示出最一致的临床证据。西番莲在多项对照试验中表现出抗焦虑和轻度镇静作用。银杏在轻度认知障碍、痴呆和眩晕方面显示出具有临床相关性的获益。这三种植物在推荐剂量下均表现出可接受的安全性特征；然而，已发现显著的药物相互作用，尤其是银杏对CYP2C19的抑制和抗血小板作用，以及缬草对CNS抑制剂的增强作用。欧盟成员国的监管框架仍不一致。需要进一步开展具有标准化提取物特征的高质量随机对照试验。
英文摘要
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.), passionflower (Passiflora incarnata L.), and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) are among the most widely used medicinal plants in European phytotherapy, with well-documented traditional use for anxiety, insomnia, cognitive decline, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Parkinson's disease. This narrative review critically analyses available clinical, pharmacological, toxicological, and regulatory data on these three species in the context of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library; regulatory documents from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP), and the World Health Organization (WHO) were also included. Valerian showed the most consistent clinical evidence for an improvement in sleep quality and reduction in anxiety. Passionflower demonstrated anxiolytic and mild sedative effects in several controlled trials. Ginkgo showed clinically relevant benefits in mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and vertigo. All three plants exhibited acceptable safety profiles at the recommended doses; however, significant drug interactions were identified, notably ginkgo's inhibition of CYP2C19 and antiplatelet effects, and valerian's potentiation of CNS depressants. Regulatory frameworks across EU member states remain inconsistent. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized extract characterization are needed.