口腔内状况作为非住院老年人吞咽困难的风险因素：一项更新的系统综述。
Intraoral Condition as a Risk Factor for Dysphagia in Non-Hospitalized Older People: An Updated Systematic Review.
文献信息
| PMID | 42734242 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Ariyanti Rezeki |
| 作者单位 | Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. |
| 期刊 | Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry |
| SCI 分区 | Q3 |
| IF | 1.3 |
| 研究类型 | 综述 Meta · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 咽喉科 |
中文摘要
目的： 探讨社区居住老年人群中口腔内状况与吞咽困难（OD）之间的关联，以确定关键筛查指标。
方法： 按照PRISMA指南，在PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane数据库中对2015年至2025年间发表的原创研究进行了系统检索。纳入标准侧重于涉及65岁及以上受试者、并探讨口腔健康状况与OD关系的研究。采用JBI批判性评估清单评估方法学质量。分析方法与纳入标准记录于已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）发布的方案中，注册号为CRD420261324418。
结果： 共有15篇文章符合纳入标准。所有纳入的研究均显示口腔内至少一个组成部分与吞咽困难之间存在正相关。主要发现包括：剩余牙齿数量减少、缺乏咬合支持以及功能性牙单位（FTUs）不良均与OD风险增加持续相关。主观口干症和客观唾液分泌减少均与吞咽用力增加和食团运输受损相关。舌肌力量、唇力和颊肌力量下降被确定为肌少症性吞咽困难的重要危险因素。
结论： 口腔内状况在吞咽的口腔准备期起着关键作用。建立标准化的口腔内指标清单——如牙齿数量、唾液流率和肌肉力量——对于卫生专业人员在常规口腔检查中有效筛查吞咽困难风险至关重要。
英文摘要
AIM: To investigate the association between intraoral conditions and OD in community-dwelling elderly populations to identify key screening indicators.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for original research published between 2015 and 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving subjects aged 65 years or older that examined the relationship between oral health status and OD. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. The analysis methods and inclusion criteria were documented in a protocol published in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD420261324418.
RESULTS: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. All included studies demonstrated at least one positive correlation between an intraoral component and dysphagia. Key findings include; a reduced number of remaining teeth, lack of occlusal support, and poor functional tooth units (FTUs) were consistently associated with increased OD risk. Both subjective xerostomia and objective hyposalivation were linked to increased swallowing effort and impaired bolus transport. Reduced tongue strength, lip force, and buccinator muscle strength were identified as significant risk factors for sarcopenic dysphagia.
CONCLUSION: Intraoral conditions play a critical role in the oral preparatory phase of swallowing. Establishing a standardized list of intraoral indicators-such as tooth count, salivary flow, and muscle strength is essential for health professionals to effectively screen for dysphagia risk during routine oral examinations.