职业人群听力障碍的患病率及危险因素——一项系统综述
Prevalence and risk factors of hearing disorders among working populations - A systematic review.
文献信息
| PMID | 42727483 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Mohd Firdaus Ismail |
| 作者单位 | Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. |
| 期刊 | American journal of otolaryngology |
| SCI 分区 | Q2 |
| IF | 1.8 |
| 研究类型 | 综述 Meta · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 耳科 |
中文摘要
引言： 本系统综述旨在确定职业人群中不同亚型听力障碍（听力损失、噪声性听力损失、听力损伤和标准阈值位移）的患病率，并识别与听力障碍相关的危险因素。
方法： 在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science中对2016年至2025年发表的英文研究进行了系统检索。符合条件的研究包括在职业人群中开展的研究以及报告听力障碍患病率和/或危险因素的研究。提取的数据包括研究国家、工业部门、听力障碍亚型、听力障碍评估工具、患病率（或发病率）估计值以及危险因素。通过描述性分析和van Tulder标准识别了常报告的危险因素。
结果： 在纳入的47项研究中，听力损失、噪声性听力损失和听力损伤的患病率范围分别为3.8%-73.5%、0.2%-63.6%和2.7%-71.2%。标准阈值位移的患病率为50.0%。共发现89个听力障碍危险因素，涵盖八个领域，即医学状况（25个危险因素）、工作相关（18个危险因素）、噪声相关（13个危险因素）、生活方式（12个危险因素）、社会人口学特征（8个危险因素）、听力保护装置相关（5个危险因素）、接触其他职业危害（4个危险因素）和知识相关（4个危险因素）。在这89个危险因素中，只有噪声暴露和既往吸烟与听力障碍显示出consistent关联。
结论： 听力损失的患病率差异很大。在报告的89个听力障碍危险因素（涵盖八个领域）中，只有噪声暴露和既往吸烟与听力障碍显示出consistent关联。
英文摘要
INTRODUCTION: This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of different subtypes of hearing disorders (hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss, hearing impairment, and standard threshold shift) as well as to identify the risk factors associated with hearing disorders in working populations.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for English-language studies published from 2016 to 2025. Eligible studies included studies that were conducted among worker populations and those reported prevalence and/or risk factors of hearing disorders. Extracted data include study countries, industrial sectors, subtypes of hearing disorders, assessment tools for hearing disorders, prevalence (or incidence) estimates, and risk factors. Commonly reported risk factors were identified through descriptive analysis and van Tulder's criteria.
RESULTS: Among the 47 studies included, the prevalence of hearing loss, NIHL, and hearing impairment ranged from 3.8%-73.5%, 0.2%-63.6%, and 2.7%-71.2%, respectively. The prevalence of STS was 50.0%. There were 89 risk factors of hearing disorders, across eight domains, namely medical conditions (25 risk factors), work-related (18 risk factors), noise-related (13 risk factors), lifestyle (12 risk factors), sociodemographic characteristics (8 risk factors), HPD-related (5 risk factors), exposure to other occupational hazards (4 risk factors), and knowledge-related (4 risk factors). Among these 89 risk factors, only noise exposure and previous smoking showed consistent associations with hearing disorders.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hearing loss varied widely. Among the 89 reported risk factors (across eight domains) of hearing disorders, only noise exposure and previous smoking showed consistent associations with hearing disorders.