COVID-19后个体中嗅觉丧失与味觉丧失同神经系统症状及心肺适能的比较：一项横断面研究。
Comparisons between anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness among post-COVID-19 individuals: a cross-sectional study.
文献信息
| PMID | 42726454 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Luciana Lozza de Moraes Marchiori |
| 作者单位 | Cesumar University (Unicesumar), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. |
| 期刊 | Acta neurologica Belgica |
| SCI 分区 | Q3 |
| IF | 2.3 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
背景： 嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失是COVID-19后综合征最常见的症状之一，但其与神经系统症状和心肺适能的关联仍不明确。
目的： 比较COVID-19后个体中嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失与神经系统症状及心肺适能的存在情况。
方法： 这项横断面研究纳入了201名COVID-19后个体，他们完成了评估嗅觉丧失、味觉丧失和神经系统症状的标准化问卷。心肺适能通过Bruce跑台试验直接测量峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）进行评估。缺失数据通过多重插补处理。使用二元logistic回归估计比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（CI），并针对年龄、性别、急性感染严重程度、病史、体脂百分比和骨骼肌质量进行调整。
结果： 调整后，嗅觉丧失与头晕（OR = 2.22；95% CI 1.15-4.31）和耳闷胀感（OR = 4.54；95% CI 1.16-17.80）独立相关，味觉丧失与记忆缺陷（OR = 2.91；95% CI 1.47-5.75）和耳闷胀感（OR = 4.08；95% CI 1.02-16.30）独立相关。未发现与耳鸣或听力损失有显著关联。有和无嗅觉丧失的参与者之间VO₂peak无显著差异（平均差1.13 mL/kg/min；Cohen's d = 0.14；95% CI -0.14至0.42；p = 0.325），有和无味觉丧失的参与者之间也无显著差异（平均差1.36 mL/kg/min；Cohen's d = 0.17；95% CI -0.12至0.45；p = 0.244）。
结论： 在COVID-19后个体中，嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失与神经系统症状相关，但与心肺适能无关，提示部分独立的表型。这些症状应在治疗评估和管理中予以考虑。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Anosmia and ageusia are among the most frequent symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome, yet their association with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence of anosmia and ageusia with neurological symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness in post-COVID-19 individuals.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 201 post-COVID-19 individuals who completed a standardized questionnaire assessing anosmia, ageusia, and neurological symptoms. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Bruce treadmill test with direct measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak). Missing data were handled by multiple imputation. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using binary logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, acute infection severity, medical history, body fat percentage, and skeletal muscle mass.
RESULTS: After adjustment, anosmia was independently associated with dizziness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.15-4.31) and aural fullness (OR = 4.54; 95% CI 1.16-17.80), and ageusia with memory deficit (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.47-5.75) and aural fullness (OR = 4.08; 95% CI 1.02-16.30). No significant associations were found with tinnitus or hearing loss. VO₂peak did not differ significantly between participants with and without anosmia (mean difference 1.13 mL/kg/min; Cohen's d = 0.14; 95% CI - 0.14 to 0.42; p = 0.325) or ageusia (mean difference 1.36 mL/kg/min; Cohen's d = 0.17; 95% CI - 0.12 to 0.45; p = 0.244).
CONCLUSIONS: Anosmia and ageusia are associated with neurological symptoms but not with cardiorespiratory fitness in post-COVID-19 individuals, suggesting partially independent phenotypes. These symptoms should be considered in therapeutic assessment and management.