大猩猩声带比较组织解剖学

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 人类声带的分层结构为人类所独有，动物中并不存在。既往研究提示，人类膜性声带前、后端的黄斑参与该分层结构的形成，并作为干细胞龛滋养组织干细胞。本研究旨在探讨大猩猩声带的比较组织解剖学。
方法： 采用光镜（包括免疫组织化学）和电子显微镜检查两只西部大猩猩（雄性）的喉。
结果： 大猩猩声带缺乏声韧带和Reinke间隙，未呈现分层结构；然而，与人类相似，其具有由细胞和细胞外基质聚集物（胶原纤维、弹性纤维、网状纤维、透明质酸）构成的前、后黄斑，并观察到细胞异质性。大猩猩黄斑中的细胞表达波形蛋白，即中胚层来源间充质细胞的中间丝，但不表达结蛋白（中胚层来源的肌细胞）或细胞角蛋白（外胚层来源的上皮细胞）。内胚层来源细胞标志物SOX17未表达。这些发现提示，大猩猩黄斑中的细胞缺乏人类中观察到的三胚层多能性。
结论： 尽管大猩猩黄斑的细胞外基质与人类相似，且细胞异质性得到证实，但这些细胞似乎并非来源于全部三个胚层，且缺乏多能性。因此，虽然大猩猩——在系统发育上与人类关系密切——在膜性声带前、后端具有黄斑，但这些细胞与人类相比表现出有限的干性。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVES: The layered structure of the human vocal fold is unique to humans and absent in animals. Previous studies suggested that the maculae flavae at the anterior and posterior ends of the human membranous vocal fold are involved in the formation of this layered structure and that they serve as a stem cell niche nurturing tissue stem cells. This study aimed to examine the comparative histoanatomy of the gorilla vocal fold.
METHODS: Two larynges from Western gorillas (male) were examined using light (including immunohistochemistry) and electron microscopy.
RESULTS: The gorilla's vocal fold lacked a vocal ligament and Reinke's space and did not exhibit a layered structure; however, similar to humans, it possessed anterior and posterior maculae flavae composed of cells and extracellular matrix aggregates (collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, hyaluronan), with cellular heterogeneity observed. Cells in the gorilla macula flavae expressed vimentin, an intermediate filament of mesoderm-derived mesenchymal cells, but not desmin (mesoderm-derived muscle cells) or cytokeratin (ectoderm-derived epithelial cells). SOX17, a marker of endoderm-derived cells, was not expressed. These findings suggest that cells in the gorilla macula flavae lack the triploblastic multipotency observed in humans.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the extracellular matrices of the gorilla maculae flavae resemble that of humans and cellular heterogeneity was confirmed, the cells appear not to be derived from all three germ layers and lack multipotency. Thus, while gorillas-closely related to humans phylogenetically-possess maculae flavae at the anterior and posterior ends of membranous vocal folds, these cells demonstrate limited stemness compared to humans.