新生儿舌下表皮样囊肿——一例早期发现与干预的罕见病例报告

文献信息

中文摘要

表皮样囊肿是罕见的良性发育性病变，在口腔中不常发生，占口腔囊肿不到0.01%。新生儿先天性舌下表皮样囊肿极为罕见，但可能影响喂养和舌运动。本报告介绍一例罕见的11天新生儿先天性舌下表皮样囊肿，通过早期手术切除成功恢复正常的喂养功能。一名来自埃塞俄比亚的11天男性新生儿因出生后立即发现的左侧舌下口底先天性肿胀就诊。该肿胀大小为4×3 cm，出生后立即被发现。初始细针穿刺细胞学检查（FNAC）显示为舌下角化囊肿。临床上，表皮样囊肿的特征是触诊呈橡皮样硬度、边界清晰、大小不一。它们通常无症状且生长缓慢。最终诊断通常通过组织病理学检查确认。手术切除，以完整切除包括囊壁为目标，是预防复发的确定性治疗选择。如果不治疗，病变可能显著增大并导致吞咽困难、呼吸困难、疼痛和舌运动减少等并发症。

英文摘要

Epidermoid cysts are rare benign developmental lesions that occur infrequently in the oral cavity, accounting for less than 0.01% of oral cysts. Congenital sublingual epidermoid cysts in neonates are extremely uncommon but may interfere with feeding and tongue movement. This report presents a rare case of a congenital sublingual epidermoid cyst in an 11-day-old neonate managed successfully with early surgical excision to restore normal feeding function. An 11-day-old male neonate from Ethiopia presented with a congenital swelling on the floor of the mouth beneath the left side of the tongue, which was noticed immediately after birth. The swelling, measuring 4 × 3 cm, was noticed immediately after birth. The initial fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed a sublingual keratin cyst. Clinically, epidermoid cysts are characterized by a rubbery consistency on palpation, well-defined borders, and varying sizes. They are usually asymptomatic and slow-growing. The final diagnosis is usually confirmed by histopathological examination. Surgical excision, with the goal of complete removal including the cyst wall, is the definitive treatment option to prevent recurrence. If left untreated, the lesion may grow significantly and lead to complications such as dysphagia, breathing difficulties, pain, and reduced tongue movement.