较低的生物电阻抗相位角与中老年人听力损失相关

文献信息

中文摘要

生物电阻抗相位角是细胞完整性、液体分布、营养状态和生理储备的综合标志物，但其与晚年客观感觉功能的关系仍不清楚。这项基于人群的横断面研究分析了2022-2023年韩国国民健康与营养调查中40岁及以上的成年人。使用生物电阻抗分析评估50 kHz下的全身相位角，并使用纯音测听确定较好耳言语频率纯音平均听阈（PTA）和高频听阈。在调整年龄、性别、体重指数、高血压、糖尿病、当前吸烟和曾经饮酒后，进行了调查加权线性和逻辑回归分析。在5,436名参与者中，相位角每增加1度，较好耳PTA降低1.50分贝（95%置信区间[CI]，-1.97至-1.02；P<0.001），较好耳高频听阈降低1.51分贝（95%CI，-2.33至-0.69；P<0.001），表明听阈更低、更好。较高的相位角还与听力损失（定义为较好耳PTA≥25分贝听力级）的比值降低相关（比值比，0.79；95%CI，0.68至0.92；P=0.002）。探索性年龄分层分析显示，这些关联在40岁及以上成年人中明显，但在12-39岁参与者中不明显。这些发现支持进一步评估生物电阻抗相位角作为连接客观感觉功能与中老年全身储备的补充研究标志物；在用于任何筛查应用之前，需要进行纵向验证。

英文摘要

Bioelectrical phase angle is an integrated marker of cellular integrity, fluid distribution, nutritional status, and physiological reserve, but its relationship with objective sensory function in later life remains unclear. This population-based cross-sectional study analyzed adults aged 40 years or older from the 2022-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Whole-body phase angle at 50 kHz was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and pure-tone audiometry was used to determine better-ear speech-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) and high-frequency hearing thresholds. Survey-weighted linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, and alcohol ever use. Among 5,436 participants, each 1-degree increase in phase angle was associated with a 1.50-decibel lower better-ear PTA (95% confidence interval [CI], - 1.97 to - 1.02; P < 0.001) and a 1.51-decibel lower better-ear high-frequency threshold (95% CI, - 2.33 to - 0.69; P < 0.001), indicating lower, better hearing thresholds. Higher phase angle was also associated with reduced odds of audiometric hearing loss, defined as better-ear PTA ≥ 25 decibels hearing level (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.92; P = 0.002). Exploratory age-stratified analyses showed that these associations were evident among adults aged 40 years or older but not among participants aged 12-39 years. These findings support further evaluation of bioelectrical phase angle as a complementary research marker linking objective sensory function with systemic reserve in middle-aged and older adults; longitudinal validation is required before any screening application.